<p>Peavey Plaza is a public outdoor event space in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota at the south end of Nicollet Mall between South 11th and 12th Streets. The sunken plaza and its amphitheater was designed by landscape architect M. Paul Friedberg and built in 1975 alongside Orchestra Hall. The Cultural Landscape Foundation has deemed the plaza a "marvel of modernism" and it has been named one of the top ten most endangered historical sites in Minnesota. The plaza is threatened by development, and a planned "revitalization" by the City of Minneapolis and Orchestra Hall has been criticized for excluding key designers from the process.</p><br>
<p>Following a 2011 public meeting where architect Tom Oslund proposed changing the plaza, Minneapolis activist Trish Brock launched the Save Peavey Plaza campaign. Brock reached out to and united The Cultural Landscape Foundation and the Preservation Alliance to move forward with the preservation of Peavey Plaza.</p><br>
<p>In June 2012, the Preservation Alliance of Minnesota and the Cultural Landscape Foundation filed a lawsuit against the City of Minneapolis on the grounds that the planned demolition of Peavey Plaza would violate a Minnesota law protecting "historic resources" from "pollution, impairment or destruction." In January 2013, the plaza was placed on the National Register of Historic Places; the lawsuit remained outstanding at that time.</p><br>
<p>On October 4, 2013, the lawsuit was resolved in favor of the Plaza&#39;s preservation. The settlement agreement included the following language: "The parties agree that the goal of any new plan plan will be to preserve the Plaza through a rehabilitation that is consistent with the Secretary of Interior’s STANDARDS FOR TREATMENT OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES, and specifically with the GUIDELINES FOR THE TREATMENT OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES published by the USA National Park Service." The National Trust for Historic Preservation cited the site as one of ten historic sites saved in 2013.</p><br>
<p>In November and December 2014, the plaza was used as the site of the "Minneapolis Holiday Market", a part of the Holidazzle Village which replaced the parade held in previous years around the holidays. As of June 2015, the plaza was still open to the public, but all its water features were inactive and drained.</p><br>
<p>Dumaran Island is an island in the province of Palawan in the Philippines. The island is administratively divided between the municipalities of Dumaran and Araceli. Both municipalities&#39; poblacions are located on the island.</p><br>
<p>Its antipode is located in Brazil.</p><br>
<h2>Dumaran Bay</h2><br>
<p>Dumaran Bay is located on the western part of the island. This is a list of structures and places there:</p><br>
<p>San Juan Bautista Catholic Church</p><br>
<p>Damuran Public Market</p><br>
<p>Castro Inn</p><br>
<p>Cayao Lodging House</p><br>
<h2>Wasao</h2><br>
<p>Maraneg Beach is in the southern portion of Wasao. It is said to have grayish-beige sand surrounded by forest. Red seaweed and coral is a common find to be washed up along the beach.</p><br>
<h2>Wonol</h2><br>
<p>Wonol is a peninsula located in the mid south region of the island</p><br>
<p>Babuyan Island  is the highest and northernmost island in the Babuyan Islands in Luzon Strait north of Luzon Island in the Philippines. The whole island makes up the barangay of Babuyan Claro, that constitute the municipality of Calayan in Cagayan province. The volcanic island has a population of 1,423 as of the 2010 Census.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Babuyan Island lies about 27 mi south-southwestward of Balintang Islands, and about 55 mi northward of Cape Engaño Lighthouse. The nearly triangular island is about 8 mi long in a northeast and southwest direction, with an average width of about 6 mi. The island seems to be steep all around. A reef projects from its western point. The south point is steep and rocky with a black, rocky, sugarloaf islet, called Pan de Azucar, close inshore.</p><br>
<h2>Volcanoes</h2><br>
<p>Near the western point of the island is Smith Volcano, also known as Mount Babuyan, about 2,257 ft high. In the middle of the island and east-southeastward from Smith is Babuyan Claro, also known as Mount Pangasun, about 3,543 ft high, between which the mountains are much lower, so that from a considerable distance eastward it appears as a round mountain with a detached hillock northward. There are three other volcanic cones with no historic eruptions on the island - Cayonan, Dionisio and Naydi.</p><br>
<p>Isla de la Convalecencia , commonly known as simply Isla de Convalecencia , is a small narrow river island in the Pasig River in Manila, the Philippines. It is the only island dividing the Pasig River in Manila located between the districts of San Miguel on the north bank, and Ermita and Paco on the south. The island, best known as the location of the Hospicio de San Jose, is administratively part of San Miguel&#39;s Barangay 646, Zone 67. It has a total area of approximately 594 sqm and is connected to both sides of the river by the Ayala Bridge.</p><br>
<p>Although the island is primarily occupied by the orphanage, it also hosts a detachment of the Philippine Coast Guard that patrols the periphery of the Malacañan Palace located just northeast of the island on the Pasig River. It also houses a small community which includes the 412 children, 64 special needs and 120 elderly residents of the Hospicio de San Jose.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The islands name dates back to the 1830s when the Hospicio General was built and the island was used principally as a place of recuperation or convalescence for patients of the Hospital of San Juan de Dios. It was earlier called Isla de San Andres (English: Saint Andrews Island) in honor of Don Andres Blanco Vermudez who owned the island but who later donated it to the San Juan de Dios religious order. The Bastion de San Rafael located on the islands eastern end had its main gate facing the river with a large wharf made of piedra de China (granite stones). This structure has since been replaced by the convent hospital built by the San Juan de Dios religious order. On the islands southern portion facing San Fernando de Dilao (now Paco) and Concepción (now part of Ermita) was the Bastion de San Andres. The Hospicio General was originally housed in an old ruined building called Petruz on the islands western portion. It had a small chapel, two infirmaries and several wards. It was later renamed to Hospicio de San Jose after Saint Joseph, the orphanages patron saint.</p><br>
<p>Santiago Island is an island located off the northeast coast of Bolinao, Pangasinan, Philippines. It is composed of six barangays namely Binabalian, Goyoden, Lucero, Pilar, Salud, and Victory, all within the municipality of Bolinao. Located in this island is the Giant Clam Ocean Nursery and Marine Protected Areas . It is ideal for various aquatic activities like scuba-diving, snorkeling, and boating.</p><br>
<h2>Fourteen Mile Reef</h2><br>
<p>The Fourteen Mile Reef off the coast of Santiago Island is several kilometers long and is actually an extension of the western edge of Lingayen Gulf. It has some hard and soft coral growth, many shells and variety of fish. Its gradual slope ranges from 10 m to 40 m with the western edge dropping abruptly to over 250 m.</p><br>
<p>The William J. Bryce House, known as Fairview, is located on 4900 Bryce Avenue in Fort Worth, in the USA state of Texas.</p><br>
<p>William J. Bryce was born in Scotland in 1861. He immigrated to the United States, and in 1883 settled in Fort Worth. As a brickmason by training, he began working in the building trades in Fort Worth, and in 1907 established the Bryce Building Company. In 1925, he was elected to the city council; two years later, he was elected mayor, and held the office until his resignation in 1933, necessitated by his wife&#39;s failing health. Bryce died in 1944.</p><br>
<p>Bryce built the Fairview house in the Arlington Heights neighborhood of Fort Worth in 1893, after a design by Fort Worth architectural firm Messer, Sanguinet, and Messer. Following the firms dissolution in 1895, design partner Marshall Sanguinet established a new firm in partnership with engineer Carl Staats; at about this time, he achieved the status of "the citys preeminent architect".</p><br>
<p>Fairview is a two-story masonry house that faces south on a large lot. Its design is a manifestation of the interest in French Renaissance architecture, particularly in chateaux, among late-19th-century American architects. The building is for the most part square in plan, with a steeply pitched slate hip roof and gabled dormers. A smaller wing extends to the rear, and a carriage house of similar design stands to the rear.</p><br>
<p>The house was altered somewhat by its second owner, in the 1940s, but retained much of its original character. It was listed as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1983, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Engine Company 26 in the Northeast quadrant of Washington, D.C., USA, is a historic firehouse located at 1340 Rhode Island Avenue on the border between Brentwood and Brookland. The building was listed by the National Register of Historic Places in May, 2011. The same Engine Company was located at 2715 22nd St. until 1940, and that building is also listed by the NRHP, as Old Engine Company 26 . Both buildings were listed as part of the "Firehouses in Washington DC" Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<p>The new building was put into service on April 27, 1937, as the home of Truck Company 15. Its address was originally listed as 1340 Brentwood Road NE, but later changed to 1340 Rhode Island Ave., NE. The original equipment was a 1919 American LaFrance 85 aerial ladder truck, which was soon replaced with a 1923 American LaFrance 75 aerial ladder truck. Engine Company 26 made the short move to the new building in 1940.</p><br>
<p>On January 25, 2014, 77-year-old Medric Mills went into cardiac arrest in a shopping center parking lot across the street from Engine Company 26. Several witnesses have stated that they requested help in person from station personnel, who replied that they could only assist if dispatched from 911. Calls to 911 reportedly resulted in a unit from another station responding to an incorrect address. Mr. Mills was pronounced dead at a nearby hospital after the delayed response. The incident resulted in multiple changes to department procedures, including "an official order instructing members to provide assistance wherever possible to individuals in need, regardless of whether they were dispatched to the scene."</p><br>
<p>The Tyrol Schistose Alps  is the proposed name for a subdivision of mountain ranges in a new, and as yet unadopted, classification of the Alps, located in Austria.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Administratively the range belongs to the Austrian state of Tyrol and, marginally, of Salzburg.</p><br>
<p>The whole range is drained by the tributaries of the Danube river.</p><br>
<h3>SOIUSA classification</h3><br>
<p>According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain range is an Alpine section, classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=Northern Limestone Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Tyrol Schistose Alps</p><br>
<p>code=II/B-23</p><br>
<h3>Subdivision</h3><br>
<p>The range is divided in two Alpine subsections:</p><br>
<p>Tux Alps (DE:Tuxer Alpen) - SOIUSA code:II/B-23.I</p><br>
<p>Kitzbühel Alps (DE:Kitzbüheler Alpen) - SOIUSA code:II/B-23.II.</p><br>
<h2>Notable summits</h2><br>
<p>Some notable summits of the range are:</p><br>
<p>The Granite Stake Tabernacle is a tabernacle of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Sugar House District of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It has historic significance to the area and was listed in the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2003 .</p><br>
<h2>First Granite Stake Tabernacle</h2><br>
<p>The first tabernacle used for the Cottonwood and Granite stakes was located on the corner of 33rd South and State street and was constructed in 1903. Joseph F. Smith dedicated the building on December 27, 1903. Due to congregational boundary divisions in 1929, what was known as the Granite Stake Tabernacle was actually within the Grant Stake boundaries and was renamed the Grant Stake Tabernacle. The Grant Stake Tabernacle was razed in 1956.</p><br>
<h2>Construction of the Second Granite Stake Tabernacle</h2><br>
<p>The second and current Granite Stake Tabernacle was designed by two young architects, Edward O. Anderson and Lorenzo Snow Young, who would later make an impact on the architecture of many other buildings for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Fundraising for the construction was done by members of the local area. The construction began in 1929, and required the demolition of four homes on the property including the childhood home of Stephen L. Richards. The building was completed in March 1930 at a cost of USD$225,000. LDS Church policy mandated that buildings would not be dedicated until they were paid off in full. Due to the Depression, the tabernacle wasnt dedicated until June 1938 by LDS Church President Heber J. Grant. In 1951 the tabernacle had an additional chapel built adjacent to the original structure for the Lincoln Wards weekly meetings.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The tabernacle continues to function as a gathering place for multiple wards (congregations), but also serves as a meetinghouse for regular Sunday services for the Forest Dale and Dai Ichi (Japanese) wards.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pieter Botte, also known as Ngalba-bulal, Alpaboolal , or Barbar  is a mountain in the tableland region behind Cape Tribulation in Far North Queensland, Australia. It was named in 1848 by Captain Owen Stanley of the survey ship. The name was chosen by those on board the Rattlesnake.  because of its resemblance to Peter Botte Mountain, a famous peak on the island of Mauritius. The mountain is part of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Site.</p><br>
<p>Australian Aborigines in the area were reported to believe that the mountain was home to their ancestral spirits.</p><br>
<p>Six Kuku Yalanji people, led by an elder, guided three Europeans up the climb in October 1896, the visiting botanist-cum-explorer Dudley Le Souef, Frank Hislop and Mr. Anderson. They climbed to the platform below the summit of Mount Pieter Botte. This was the first recorded European party to climb the peak. The peak itself is a sheer-sided granite outcrop which was not climbed.</p><br>
<p>On 26 August 1938, Walter Mason, Wilfred Knight and Douglas Mason also climbed the tableland behind Cape Tribulation to the base of Mount Pieter Botte.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Le Souefs expedition recorded riflebirds, catbirds, pittas, Spaldings orthonyx, shrikethrushes, Australian brushturkeys, Quoy&#39;s butcher bird, sulphur-crested cockatoos, superb fruit doves and tree kangaroos.</p><br>
<p>The wingless water bug Austrovelia queenslandica is known only from this area. Armoured Mistfrogs (Litoria lorica), a critically endangered species, have been observed in Roaring Meg Creek, just below Mount Pieter Botte.</p><br>
<p>A species of a Medicosma mountain rainforest understorey tree is known only from one sample in the Mount Pieter Botte area. Eidothea zoexylocarya is a large tree that only grows in the mountain rainforests of north-eastern Queensland, including Mount Pieter Botte. Romnalda ophiopogonoides is an endangered plant with only around 500 individuals known, including some around Roaring Meg Creek near the mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Mill Cove Complex is a group of prehistoric archaeological sites located in Duval County, Florida built by people of the St. Johns culture approximately 900 to 1250 CE. The site encompasses 2 sand mounds, Grant Mound  and the contemporaneous Shields Mound  located 750 m away, and an area in between the two which is full of St. Johns culture midden deposits.</p><br>
<h2>Shields Mound</h2><br>
<p>The mound is a mortuary structure first excavated in 1894 and 1895 by Clarence Bloomfield Moore. At the time Moore described the mound as being a slightly oblong shaped rectangular platform mound 65.2 m in diameter and 5.5 m in height with a summit measuring 40.5 m by 35.1 m. There was a ramp running to the top on the north face that measured 38.2 m in length by 26.7 m wide. Later archaeological work in 1999-2002determined that the mound is a burial mound and not a substructure platform mound with burials as Moore assumed. Moore found a number of exotic grave goods in the mound, including copper artifacts and several spatulate celts similar to ones found in Mississippian culture sites in other parts of the southeastern US and generally seen as elite status symbols. He also found one copper plate similar to others he&#39;d found when he excavated the Grant Mound and Mount Royal Mound, another nearby St. Johns culture sites.</p><br>
<h2>Grant Mound</h2><br>
<p>In 1894 C. B. Moore described the mound as being a truncated cone mound 8.1 m in height, with a base diameter of 65.8 m a summit diameter of 7.3 m. When he excavated the mound he found a large number of graves and many artifacts, although all of the artifacts do not seem to be associated with burials as grave goods. The artifacts were of both local and nonlocal manufacture and included 147 polished stone celts, chipped stone tools, soapstone smoking pipes, shell drinking cups of the type used for the black drink ritual, bone pins, pottery and a variety of items made from or covered with copper. The copper items included embossed plaques, beads, two bi-conical ear spools and two long-nosed god maskettes. Both the copper covered earspools and long-nosed god maskettes are rare items that have associations with the Cahokia site in western Illinois and the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex.</p><br>
<h2>Trade</h2><br>
<p>The presence of exotic copper items in the two mounds along with busycon shells has led archaeologists to believe the peoples of the Mill Cove Complex were involved in long distance trade with Mississippian culture peoples to their west. Whelk shells and yaupon holly, two local products, were valuable elite commodities to the peoples of the Mississippian cultures, used to make shell gorgets, ritual drinking vessels, beads and columnella pendants and the ingredient for the black drink.</p><br>
<p>Sotobanari  is one of the Yaeyama Islands, within the Sakishima Islands, at the southern end of the Ryukyu Islands. It is administered as part of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Its nearest large neighbour is Iriomote.</p><br>
<p>The small island (about 1 km in diameter), whose name means outer distant island, is vegetated, but has no running water. Sotobanari has one human inhabitant, a seventy-eight-year-old man named Masafumi Nagasaki, who has lived there in semi-isolation for two decades, nude, and buys food and water from a settlement an hour away by boat weekly with ¥10,000 sent by family, fully clothed. He was featured on Vice News&#39;"Japan&#39;s Naked Island Hermit".</p><br>
<p>Because of his being featured on the TV show, he was subsequently made to leave the island.</p><br>
<p>Mount Annaguan  is a mountain located in the town of Rizal in the province of Cagayan. It has a height of 1,400 meters and is also the location of an undergoing tourism spot in the Philippines. The mountain contains a very well preserved forest and also a cave for tourism. It also contains some rare animal species of the Philippines like the Philippine eagle. At the peak of the mountain there is also a view of the whole town of Rizal, Conner, Santo Niño and Piat. The mountain served as a hiding place for Japanese soldiers during World War II.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is located at the town of Rizal in the province of Cagayan. It sits right beneath a barangay of Annaguan, where its name originated. It is 104 km from Tuguegarao City, Cagayan&#39;s capital city, and 594 km from Manila. Location of the original way to the mountain is not yet defined and it will take a half day to climb from the foot to the peak. According to some people in Rizal, one can get quickly to the peak with a helicopter.</p><br>
<h2>Mythology</h2><br>
<p>Malaueg people has a mythology about the mountain. It was said many years ago, a man of Strength and power that was Malana, who was a great hero that later fought a battle with its rival Biuag and became a legendary figure of the province of Cagayan lived right on the mountain. Another is the mountain was raised by a goddess with breathtaking strength that caused it to be raised until it reached the sky. Some believed that the mountain is very high and it is also the way leading to Paradise.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The North Tyrol Limestone Alps  are a mountain range located in Austria and, marginally, in Germany.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Administratively the range belongs to the Austrian states of Tyrol and Vorarlberg and to the German state of Bavaria.</p><br>
<h3>SOIUSA classification</h3><br>
<p>According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain range is an Alpine section, classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=Northern Limestone Alps</p><br>
<p>section=North Tyrol Limestone Alps</p><br>
<p>code=II/B-21</p><br>
<h3>Subdivision</h3><br>
<p>The range is divided into six Alpine subsections:</p><br>
<p>Lechtaler Alpen - SOIUSA code:II/B-21.I</p><br>
<p>Lechquellengebirge - SOIUSA code:II/B-21.II</p><br>
<p>Wettersteingebirge - SOIUSA code:II/B-21.III</p><br>
<p>Karwendel - SOIUSA code:II/B-21.IV</p><br>
<p>Brandenberger Alpen - SOIUSA code:II/B-21.V</p><br>
<p>Kaisergebirge - SOIUSA code:II/B-21.VI.</p><br>
<h2>Notable summits</h2><br>
<p>Some notable summits of the range are:</p><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan is a heritage-listed World War II fortification at 30 Jessie Wadsworth Street, Moreton Island, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is also known as RAN 3 Cowan Cowan, Fort Cowan and Cowan Cowan Battery. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 1 October 2007.</p><br>
<p>The fort&#39;s main armament consisted of two BL 6 inch Mk XI naval guns.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan is a Second World War defence facility located on the western side of Moreton Island in Moreton Bay. The fort was commissioned by the Queensland Government in 1935 and constructed in 1937. It was operational until 1945 after which operations were scaled down and was eventually officially closed in 1960.</p><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan was part of a network of artillery installations designed to defend Brisbane and Moreton Bay from attack by sea and which were in turn part of a larger scheme begun in 1935 to upgrade coastal defences. It was completed in 1937 and contributed to the coastal defence of Queensland until the end of the Second World War. Within the perimeter of Fort Cowan Cowan, which belonged to the Australian Army, the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) also had a presence with their RAN3 defence establishment.</p><br>
<p>Moreton Bay was named by Lieutenant James Cook after James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton, the then president of the Royal Society in Britain who had been influential in raising a grant of £4,000 for the voyage of the HMS Endeavour in its search for Terra Australis. Matthew Flinders then named Moreton Island in 1799 after the bay. European settlement on Moreton Island began in 1848 when the Queensland Department of Harbours and Marine built a pilot station near Bulwer on the north western side of the island to guide vessels through the passages of Moreton Bay. This was followed by the building of the Cape Moreton Lighthouse in 1857, at the northerly tip of the island and then the Comboyuro Lighthouse in 1877.</p><br>
<p>A telegraph office opened at Cape Moreton in August 1864, followed by a schoolroom in 1879. A telegraph line was constructed during the 1890s, to service the lighthouse. A Morse Lamp for signalling was installed at Cape Moreton. The lamp is recorded as having a range of 20 miles and as being in constant use for signalling purposes. Signal flags were used for daytime communication. A post office opened at Cape Moreton in 1915, and closed in the early 1920s with the lightkeepers serving as post masters during this period. Moreton Island was also the site of Queensland&#39;s only whaling station. In operation from 1952 to 1962, it closed after declining whale numbers made it unfeasible to continue. Today, Moreton Island has a small permanent population spread among three townships, Kooringal, Bulwer and Cowan Cowan and is primarily viewed as a holiday/recreational destination.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the 1860s, defence of the Australian colonies had been solely the responsibility of the British government. Britain considered that the Imperial Navy would always provide the first line of defence in any threat to her colonial empire, but from 1863 required the Australian colonies, by then self-governing, to contribute toward the costs of maintaining Imperial garrisons on colonial soil, and encouraged the colonies to provide for their own military infrastructure such as fortifications and barracks. Queensland, which had separated from New South Wales in June 6, 1859, could not afford to contribute to Imperial defence, and so Imperial troops were gradually withdrawn from the colony - the last leaving by 1870. In the 1860s Queensland established a number of volunteer defence units, based on the British model, but their effectiveness was severely impaired by a lack of armaments and ammunition.</p><br>
<p>By the 1870s the Australian colonies were developing rapidly and were concerned with potential threats from colonial powers such as Russia and France (the latter had annexed New Caledonia in 1873). In 1877 the colonial governments of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia, anxious to secure the land defence of their coastlines, jointly invited British Royal Engineers Colonel Sir William Francis Drummond Jervois and Lieutenant-Colonel Peter H Scratchley, to inspect existing defence installations and make recommendations as to how these might be improved. Scratchley&#39;s particular expertise was in the design and construction of deterrent coastal fortresses. Jervois and Scratchley identified maritime attacks as the greatest threat to Australia, and recommended that coastal defences be developed for all the mainland colonies. Despite being physically closer to the source of most threats, Queensland, with its sparse population and limited resources, was not considered to be greatly at risk. In his August 1877 preliminary report on Queensland coastal defences, Jervois identified the principal threat to Queensland security as an attack from the sea on the major ports (Brisbane, Rockhampton and Maryborough), in the form of city bombardment to secure supplies and coal, rather than for permanent occupation. This report was the first to seriously propose the defence of Moreton Bay although due to prohibitive costs the proposal was not supported at the time.</p><br>
<p>As events in Europe and Asia in the 1930s moved the world towards war, various sectors of Australias defence, including coastal fortifications, were examined. There was an increased emphasis on defence rearmament from 1935. As major cities and ports along the coastline would be exposed to damage from naval raids or attack, coastal defences were to be upgraded. Batteries were established in Sydney, Darwin and along the Western Australia coast. Invasion was not a major concern at this stage, rather the batteries were for defence against seaborne shelling or the torpedoing of ports. The defence of the Moreton Bay region was concentrated on the mouth of the Brisbane River at Fort Lytton (now part of Fort Lytton National Park), constructed in 1880-1881, until the mid 1930s, when attempts were made to upgrade the regions defence.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the building of Fort Cowan Cowan, attitudes towards defence were changing. Military experts were supporting the implementation of more mobile defence forces, as opposed to fixed facilities. Technology was changing for both weaponry and shipping and as such, defensive techniques were constantly under review. The government&#39;s plan of building coastal defence forts for protection was a somewhat outdated 19th century response to a modern 20th century situation. Unlike previous wars in which sea based attacks were prevalent, the war in the Pacific in the 1940s was far more about aerial warfare. Therefore, coastal defence forts were not necessarily the most appropriate or effective defence plan the government could have implemented.</p><br>
<p>The shipping channels in Moreton Bay simplified the proposed placement of batteries. The major access route into the Brisbane River was the northwest channel, which ran close to the shore near Caloundra, across the bay in a southeasterly direction towards Moreton Island, and then south westerly towards the mouth of the river, forming a Z-shaped route. This dictated the ideal positions for artillery batteries, with the most effective sites for guns being the closest points to the channel bends.</p><br>
<p>There were two naval establishments within the army site of Fort Cowan Cowan, consisting of a Port War Signal Station (PWSS), also referred to as the Naval Signal Station (which pre-dated the construction of Fort Cowan Cowan) and the naval station (RAN3). The naval station was responsible for the two controlled minefields, one in Pearl Channel (called M11) and one in the main channel off Cowan Cowan (M5).</p><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan was built according to standard military plans that were modified to suit the sandy terrain. Construction of the fortifications commenced late 1936 and were completed by September 1937. Structures included the gun emplacements, command tower, observation post, engine rooms, pump house, jetty, well, mess rooms, washrooms, latrines, equipment stores and water services. The site included the installation of a reticulated water and sewerage system, which was unusual for the time considering the majority of the greater Brisbane area was not sewered until the 1960s.This seems to be related to a hygiene report on the site during construction of the fort which recommended the system for reasons of maintenance costs and adherence to modern sanitary practices.</p><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan took over the role of an Examination Battery from Fort Lytton. The function of the Examination Service was to identify and ascertain the character and intentions of vessels seeking to enter defended ports. Merchant vessels approaching a port would be met by an Examination Vessel, stationed permanently at the Examination Anchorage near the entrance to the port. If an approaching vessel could not be identified, it was directed to proceed to the Examination Anchorage under the observation of the Examination Battery, and further investigation was undertaken. The major function of the Naval Signal Station appears to have been to receive signals from the Examination Vessels and relay messages to the gunnery, rather than to send signals which would have revealed the position of the battery.</p><br>
<p>The first real indication of enemy naval presence in proximity to Brisbane occurred on 24 March 1942 when a suspected Japanese submarine was sighted east of Stradbroke Island. Two 100lb bombs were dropped on it but there has never been any evidence that the submarine was destroyed. On 4 June 1942 another Japanese submarine, identified as "I.29" was sighted off Moreton Island. This submarine was later identified as one of the vessels involved in the midget submarine attack on Sydney Harbour on 31 May 1942. On 14 May 1943, the Australian Hospital Ship Centaur was struck and sunk off the Brisbane coastline by the Japanese submarine, "I.177". Of the 332 people on board only 64 survived to be rescued by the American destroyer, USS Mugford. The last attack to occur in the approaches to the Port of Brisbane, took place on 4 June 1943 off Cape Moreton when the Japanese submarine "I.174" fired on the American ship MV Edward Chambers. The submarine withdrew when return fire was given. Although there was clearly hostile activity present in the waters off Brisbane, the only recorded combat firing that took place at Fort Cowan Cowan was on 4 March 1942 when the battery fired upon the trading vessel, SS Tambor, after it failed to give proper identification. This incident resulted in the loss of three crewmen&#39;s lives.</p><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan was in operation until 1945 when instructions were issued for all coastal defences, except those in Darwin, Sydney and Fremantle, to be scaled down and kept in a state of care and maintenance. With the reassessment of Australia&#39;s defensive arrangements in the 1950s, the role of artillery batteries in coastal defence diminished. The government recognised that the nature of modern warfare had changed and fixed coastal defences were no longer considered a necessary part of defensive plans. At this time Brisbane was still a defended port but by 1960 this arrangement was redefined and Fort Cowan Cowan closed.</p><br>
<p>Although Moreton Island is primarily a tourist destination, it does have three small townships. Since closing, much of Fort Cowan Cowan has been removed, destroyed or has disappeared into the residential landscape of the Cowan township. In some cases, buildings from the complex have been converted for other uses such as holiday accommodation. Moreton Bay Boat Club (MBBC) has leased Lot 46 C9562 which comprises a number of interlinking concrete paths, the four magazine huts, the foundations of the kitchen and soldiers&#39; mess, store hut and the concrete water tank. MBBC have converted the magazine huts and storage hut into accommodation blocks for use by club members. The two gun emplacements remain in situ on the beach although over the years the tide line has moved progressively closer to them. Their condition has deteriorated and both emplacements are listing dangerously on their foundations as the sand shifts from under them.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan is located at Cowan Cowan Village, Moreton Island. The area is approximately 34616.033 metres square, roughly triangular in shape and stretches along the western beach from the Cowan Cowan Lighthouse in south to the northern end of Cowan Cowan Village. Jessie Wadsworth Street forms part of the eastern boundary.</p><br>
<p>The site comprises a number of structures, all built in 1937, including two gun emplacements, concrete paths, four magazine huts, foundations of kitchen and soldiers&#39; mess, storage hut, engine room, underground sewerage and piping and a concrete tank.</p><br>
<p>The two gun emplacements are constructed from reinforced concrete and consist of an enclosed gun platform with metal blast doors and rooms beneath which are actually underground. The emplacements were originally situated behind the first dunes however as the beach has lost sand due to erosion the emplacements are now close to the tide line. Most of the walls have shifted and tilted as the erosion has undermined the gun platforms and the platforms on both emplacements have separated from the rear sections and tipped forwarded onto the beach. As erosion proceeds, the potential for ongoing collapse is high. In addition, structural timbers have become decayed, been destroyed by fires, or have been removed. The lack of structural support means that walls are not tied together and are in an advanced state of collapse.</p><br>
<p>The doors on Number 1 (northern) emplacement have been removed and placed flat on the platform however, the underground room, steps and metal doors are intact. In the case of Number 2 (southern) emplacement, the blast doors have swung open and are hanging downwards, should either the supporting wall or the door hinge fail, the door and/or attached wall will topple onto the beach. The gun platform has effectively disarticulated from the underground section. The top section of the wall supporting the southern blast door has snapped and fallen onto the foundations.</p><br>
<p>The concrete pathways lead from the gun emplacements to the magazine huts and between the huts. Although cracked, the paths are still largely intact and clearly visible.</p><br>
<p>The four magazine huts and storage hut have been converted into accommodation blocks but still retain a large degree of original appearance including the roof vents.</p><br>
<p>The concrete slab foundations of kitchen and soldiers&#39; mess remain intact and visible.</p><br>
<p>There are visible remains of the engine room and concrete pipes from the reticulated water and sewerage system.</p><br>
<p>A concrete tank is still intact and visible.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan (also known as athe Cowan Cowan Battery) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 1 October 2007 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Cowan Cowan Second World War fortifications, constructed in 1937, are important in demonstrating the pattern of Queenslands history, being part of the preparations for the defence of Australia, in particular the Moreton Bay region, during the 1930s and the Second World War. It demonstrates the evolution of Queenslands coastal defences, which began in the 1880s with the construction of Fort Lytton at the mouth of the Brisbane River and included a signal station at Cowan Cowan prior to Fort Cowan Cowan&#39;s construction.</p><br>
<p>It is important for the intactness of the physical evidence of the Second World War defence scheme, and retains additions and alterations which illustrate the evolution of Queensland&#39;s defence planning and of military process and technology up to the 1940s. The place is significant as part of a co-ordinated system of coastal defence in Australia.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan demonstrates uncommon surviving evidence of a largely intact and interpretative Second World War battery complex which incorporates a number of structures including two gun emplacements, concrete paths, four magazine huts, foundations of kitchen and soldiers&#39; mess, storage hut, engine room, underground sewerage and piping and concrete tanks.</p><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan provides rare surviving evidence of a Second War World coastal fortification in Queensland, and is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its type, with gun emplacements in situ.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan is representative of Second World War coastal defence batteries in Australia and is one of the first large-scale fortified installations to be constructed on a Queensland island. It has the potential to yield information that will contribute to the understanding of Queensland&#39;s history due to the extensive remnants of Second World War fortification sites, which includes both Army and Naval defences. It also has potential to yield information about the relationship between Fort Cowan Cowan and the other defence batteries in the Moreton Bay area that complete the coastal defence system.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of Australia&#39;s Second World War coastal defence fortifications including 6 inch Mark X1 batteries modified to suit the terrain with emplacements being constructed of reinforced concrete with magazines to the rear of the gun platform rather than below.</p><br>
<p>The inclusion of a sewerage and pressurised water reticulation system, including plumbing and underground piping systems, at Fort Cowan Cowan was unusual for the late 1930s as the majority of the greater Brisbane area was not sewered until the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan is important in exhibiting a range of aesthetic characteristics valued by the community including a sense of place, isolation, landmark quality of the gun emplacements, particularly when viewed from the sea; a sense of discovery; and the form, scale and materials of Fort Cowan Cowan and the Royal Australian Navy Station 3 fortifications.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Fort Cowan Cowan has a strong association with military activity in Queensland, as a site for defence, training and military support and with the Australian Military Force and Royal Australian Navy.</p><br>
<p>The Escanaba Public Library was a Carnegie library located at 201 South Seventh Street in Escanaba, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Escanaba Public Library was constructed with $20,000 in funds donated by Andrew Carnegie. The city of escanaba promised additional yearly operation funds. The building was designed by local architect Theodore Lohff. The Carnegie library opened in May 1903.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, the city began construction oon a new city hall and library complex.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Escanaba Public Library is a one-story Classical Revival building constructed of red brick and Lake Superior Sandstone. It sits on a rough-faced stone foundation. The front facade has a portico entrance with an entablature and pediment supported by four Ionic columns. Windows flanked by pilasters and topped with lintels lighten the mass of the building. The building is topped with a cornice and pediments on each side; a balustrade which originally ran between the pediments was removed in 1928. A low dome originally topped building; it was removed in 1958. An upper dome still is in place. The rear of the building is of simpler design, constructed of brick and containing simple windows with stone sills.</p><br>
<p>The Carinthian-Styrian Alps  are a mountain range in the eastern part of the Alps. They are located in Austria.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Administratively the range belongs to the Austrian state of Styria, Carinthia and, marginally, to Salzburg.</p><br>
<p>Its whole area is drained by the tributaries of the Danube river.</p><br>
<h3>SOIUSA classification</h3><br>
<p>According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the Carinthian-Styrian Alps are an Alpine section, classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=Central Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Carinthian-Styrian Alps</p><br>
<p>SOIUSA code=II/A-19</p><br>
<h3>Subdivision</h3><br>
<p>The Carinthian-Styrian Alps are divided in two subsections:</p><br>
<p>Gurktal Alps - SOIUSA code: II/A-19.I</p><br>
<p>Lavanttal Alps - SOIUSA code: II/A-19.II</p><br>
<h2>Notable summits</h2><br>
<p>Some notable summits of the Carinthian-Styrian Alps are:</p><br>
<p>The Styrian Prealps  is the proposed name for a subdivision of mountains in a new, and as yet unadopted, classification of the Alps, located in Austria and, marginally, in Slovenia and Hungary.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The whole range is drained by the tributaries of the Danube river.</p><br>
<h3>SOIUSA classification</h3><br>
<p>According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the Styrian Prealps are an Alpine section, classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=Central Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Styrian Prealps</p><br>
<p>code=II/A-20</p><br>
<h3>Subdivision</h3><br>
<p>The Styrian Prealps are divided into four subsections:</p><br>
<p>North-western Styrian Prealps (Stubalpe; Gleinalpe; Westgraz) - SOIUSA code:II/A-20.I</p><br>
<p>South-western Styrian Prealps (Koralpe; Reinischkögel; Kobansko) - SOIUSA code:II/A-20.II</p><br>
<p>Central Styrian Prealps (Fischbach; Ostgraz) - SOIUSA code:II/A-20.III</p><br>
<p>Eastern Styrian Prealps (Wechsel-Joglland; Bucklige; Bernstein-Güns; Rosalien-Ödenburg) - SOIUSA code:II/A-20.IV.</p><br>
<h2>Notable summits</h2><br>
<p>Some notable summits of the Styrian Prealps are:</p><br>
<p>Mirror Pond is an impoundment of the Deschutes River in Bend, in the USA state of Oregon. It is between Pacific Power’s Bend Hydro dam and the Colorado dam, between RM 166 and 167. The pond is flanked by Drake, Harmon, Pageant, Brooks, Columbia, Miller’s Landing, and McKay parks, as well as a number of buildings such as Pine Tavern and private homes. Some people mistakenly consider the Galveston  bridge the upper boundary of Mirror Pond; others call the portion of the lake between Galveston bridge and the Colorado dam ″upper Mirror Pond.″</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mirror Pond was created in 1910 by the construction of the Bend Water, Light & Power Company dam which provided the city with its initial source of electricity. The dam has been owned by Pacific Power since 1926 and produces electricity for approximately 200 Bend households.</p><br>
<h2>Siltation</h2><br>
<p>Since the construction of the dam, the flow of the Deschutes River deposits sediment from the approximately 700,000 acre Upper Deschutes River watershed into Mirror Pond. As a result, sediment has settled behind the dam, creating shallow mudflats along the margins. Mirror Pond is the only impoundment of the upper Deschutes River for electricity.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, the community supported a $312,000 dredging project (equivalent to $ today) to repair the Pond’s features, but the result was not lasting. The work included removal of some 60,000 ft&sup3; of material to achieve a minimum depth of 5 ft.</p><br>
<p>The sedimentation in Mirror Pond has again become a concern for the Bend community because the mudflats interfere with the flow of the river, recreational uses, and have altered the aesthetics of Mirror Pond in relation to Drake Park and downtown Bend tourism and commerce.</p><br>
<h2>Related</h2><br>
<p>There is also an impoundment downstream created by the North Canal Dam which is a diversion for Pilot Butte Canal, now part of the Central Oregon Irrigation District.</p><br>
<p>The Bay de Noquet Lumber Company Waste Burner is an industrial waste burner located at the south end of River Street in Nahma Township, Michigan. It was built to burn waste wood and bark from the nearby sawmill; it is the only known example of this type of waste burner surviving in Michigan, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1881, George Farnsworth and his partners in Wisconsin&#39;s Oconto Lumber Company founded the Bay de Noquet (later Bay de Noc) Lumber Company. The company immediately built a sawmill in Nahma, along the northern coast of Lake Michigan, opening it in 1882. Fires were problematic, and the Nahma sawmill was destroyed by fire in 1889 and again in 1899. In response, the company built this wastewood burner, located on a small nearby island, to eliminate the sawmill waste. Although the exact construction date is not known, it was some time between 1888 and 1893; it is not unlikely that the burner was built after the 1889 fire.</p><br>
<p>The sawmill was destroyed yet again in 1923. The company rebuilt, and continued to log the surrounding area and use the waste burner. However, available timber supplies were dwindling, and the mill shut down permanently in 1951.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Bay de Noquet Lumber Company Waste Burner is a round tower, 32 ft in diameter on the outside and approximately 100 ft tall. It is constructed of cast iron plates lined with brick, and sits on a 6 ft high limestone foundation. The exterior iron plates are rectangular, and are placed in horizontal rows with a slight overlap between adjacent plates. The lowest five rows have an additional strap to prevent the structure from bulging outward. The lowest row contains arched openings penetrating into the interior of the burner, apparently used to remove ashes. A larger opening about halfway up the structure was originally used to dump waste via a conveyor into the burner. A wire mesh dome, put in place to prevent embers from escaping, covers the top, and a weathervane inscribed with "B. de N. Co." is in place at the very top.</p><br>
<p>The interior brick is about 18 in thick in the lower 30 ft and about 8 in thick in the next 24 ft. Above that level the burner is unlined. This construction is very similar to that found in the 1888 patent issued to Muskegon Boiler Works.</p><br>
<p>The burner is located on low ground near Lake Michigan, in a position that was at one time about 60 ft east of the sawmill proper. However, all traces of the sawmill have been erased, save for wooden pilings along the shore and the waste burner itself. A golf course now occupies the former site of the mill.</p><br>
<p>Woahink Lake  extends further below sea level than any other lake dammed by sand dunes along the coast of the USA state of Oregon. The lake fills a depression in the Siltcoos River watershed about 3 mi from the Pacific Ocean south of Florence along USA Route 101. The lowest point of the lake, which is up to 74 ft deep, is about 36 ft below sea level. The lake drains south to Siltcoos Lake via Woahink Creek. The lake&#39;s name may derive from the Siuslaw language.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Like Siltcoos Lake, Woahink Lake is a submerged remnant of a Siltcoos River delta that existed before the most recent ice age. The lake formed after melting glaciers caused a rise in sea level that drowned the lower reaches of Oregon&#39;s coastal rivers. Sediments from the sluggish rivers formed sand dunes, behind which the ancestral mouths of rivers like the Siltcoos became lakes. Unlike Siltcoos Lake, which is very shallow, Woahink Lake fills a narrow steep-walled depression along what was probably a tributary of the ancestral river.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>Covering about 7 square miles, Woahink Lake&#39;s drainage basin lies between a dune complex, part of Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, on the west and foothills of the Oregon Coast Range on the east. North Beach and other residential areas near the lake are part of Dunes City. Except for the state park, most of the shoreline and the land in the basin is privately owned. Rainfall averages 80 in a year, and coniferous forest covers much of the undeveloped land.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>The lake is popular for a variety of activities, including fishing. Species include largemouth bass, rainbow and coastal cutthroat trout, yellow perch, and others. The part of the state park on the east side of the highway near Woahink Lake has boat ramps, a roped-off swimming area, group tent camps, picnic areas, and a meeting hall.</p><br>
<p>Lake Woahink Seaplane Base is located at the lake. Base headquarters are in Florence.</p><br>
<p>Suttle Lake is a natural lake near the crest of the Cascade Range in central Oregon, United States, covering 253 acre. It was named in honor of John Settle, whose name was misspelled when the lake was officially recorded as a geographic feature. Today, the lake is located within the Deschutes National Forest and serves as one of central Oregon&#39;s most popular outdoor recreation sites, with three large campgrounds and two day-use areas along the south shore of the lake. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife regularly stocks the lake with rainbow trout.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Native Americans occupied the areas around Suttle Lake for perhaps 10,000 years before the first European pioneer found the lake and recorded its location. For centuries, Native Americans used trails over Santiam Pass to transit from the Willamette Valley to central Oregon. Suttle Lake offered a place to camp, fish, and gather berries just east of the summit.</p><br>
<p>Suttle Lake was named in honor of John Settle, an American pioneer who settled in the Lebanon area of the Willamette Valley. Settle was an organizer and one of the principal investors in the Willamette Valley and Cascade Mountain Military Wagon Road, which was built in the mid-1860s, and also supervised some of the road construction. Settle found the lake that now bears his name in 1866 while on a hunting trip. While the lake is named for him, his last name was misspelled as "Suttle" when it was officially recorded.</p><br>
<p>Suttle Lake became part of the Cascade Range Forest Reserve in 1898. The lake was managed as part of the reserve and then the Cascade National Forest until 1908, when the area was transferred to the newly formed Deschutes National Forest.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, the United States Forest Service allowed some development at the lake, issuing special use permits for a church-sponsored summer camp, a lodge, and some small cabins. The Forest Service also built three public campgrounds along the lake shore. Today, Suttle Lake and the surrounding forest are part of the Sisters Ranger District, an administrative sub-division of the Deschutes National Forest. The lake&#39;s fishery is managed by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>Suttle Lake is located on the east side of the Cascade Range in central Oregon, 5 mi east of Santiam Pass. Most of the lake water comes from groundwater seepage. Link Creek is the only year around tributary flowing into the lake. It drains into the west end of the lake, with water from Blue Lake. The lake&#39;s only outlet is Lake Creek, which begins at the east end of the lake, eventually flowing into the Metolius River near Camp Sherman, Oregon.</p><br>
<p>The watershed that drains into Suttle Lake covers 21.3 square miles. The watershed is covered by a mixed conifer forest that receives an average of 54 in to 80 in of precipitation annually. The primary tree species in the watershed are ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, and jack pine along with Douglas-fir and other fir species. As a result, the watershed is normally covered by a dense forest canopy. However, a western spruce budworm infestation reached epidemic levels in 1993, defoliating large areas of the Suttle Lake watershed. In 2003, the forest around the lake was burned by the B&B Complex Fires.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<p>Suttle Lake is the result of glaciation during the Pleistocene Epoch, when the Cascade Mountains were buried in ice. A glacier carved out a deep valley leaving a lateral moraine where it stopped. Over time, the moraine trapped water creating the lake. Today, Suttle Lake occupies a long, narrow valley with relatively steep slopes to the north and south.</p><br>
<p>Suttle Lake is a natural lake that covers 253 acre. It is approximately 1.4 mi long and 0.4 mi wide. The lake has an average depth of 44 ft with a maximum depth of 75 ft. The lake&#39;s bottom is composed of sand, gravel and rock with detritus and sediment in some of the deeper areas. The littoral areas near the shore line are mostly gravel and rock.</p><br>
<p>Under natural conditions Suttle Lake would probably be classified mesotrophic. However, the lakes current trophic state is eutrophic. During the areas long winter season, the lake may return to a mesotrophic condition. The water chemistry is normal except for a relatively high concentration of phosphorus that promotes the growth of planktonic algae. There is aquatic plant life found along the periphery of the lake in a narrow zone down to a depth of about 20 ft. However, most of the lake is too deep for macrophyte growth.</p><br>
<p>There have been a number of studies looking at the lake&#39;s environment and water quality. The studies have found the water transparency is reasonably good, but has slowly declined in recent decades due to recreational activities in the area. In 1940, researchers measured a Secchi disk depth of 35 ft. Studies in the early 1970s found Secchi clarity ranging from 14 ft to 16 ft. In 1982, another Secchi measurement showed clarity had improved to 22 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife manages the Suttle Lake fishery. The lakes fish population includes rainbow trout, brown trout, kokanee salmon, and mountain whitefish. Much of the population is self-sustaining. However, the Department of Fish and Wildlife regularly stocks the lake with rainbow trout to maintain a balance of fish populations. The brown trout and kokanee salmon are particularly sought after by anglers. The lakes brown trout can weigh up to 10 lbs. Brown trout weighing 3 lbs to 5 lbs are relatively common. The kokanee salmon average 9 in to 10 in. The mountain whitefish average 10 in to 12 in.</p><br>
<p>In addition to fish, the lake provides habitat for a wide variety of bird species. From the Forest Service campgrounds along the lake shore, birdwatchers can view waterfowl, songbirds, and birds of prey. Common waterfowl include red-necked grebes, Pacific loons, common loons, hooded mergansers, red-breasted mergansers, lesser scaup, surf scoters, white-winged scoters, common goldeneyes, and Barrow&#39;s goldeneyes. The lake also attracts birds of prey such as red-tailed hawk, osprey and bald eagles. Both the osprey and eagles normally stay well into the fall to feed on brown trout and kokanee salmon that spawn in Link Creek, between Suttle and Blue lakes.</p><br>
<p>In the forest around the lake, there are large numbers of northern flickers, American robins, hermit thrushes, mountain chickadees, dark-eyed juncos, western tanagers, red-breasted nuthatches, yellow-rumped warblers, chipping sparrows, song sparrows, red crossbills, golden-crowned kinglets, ruby-crowned kinglet, Townsends solitaire, and Stellers jays. The forest is also home to western wood pewee, olive-sided flycatcher, Hammond&#39;s flycatcher, American dusky flycatcher, warbling vireo, brown creeper, brown-headed cowbird, and pine siskin. Pileated woodpeckers and hairy woodpeckers have been abundant in the forest around the lake since the 1990s when the spruce budworm infestation increased the insect population they feed on.</p><br>
<p>Suttle Lake and Lake Creek together host a small population of otters. The mixed conifer forest around the lake is home to numerous mammals, both large and small. The large mammals include mule deer, black-tailed deer, Roosevelt elk, black bear, bobcat, and cougar. Some of the small mammals found in the Suttle Lake area include badgers, beavers, northern flying squirrels, shrews, and voles.</p><br>
<h2>Human development</h2><br>
<p>The Forest Service has been actively managing the area around Suttle Lake since the 1920s, when the first special use permits were issued. Over the years, the Forest Service has developed three campgrounds and two day-use areas along the lake shore. All of the campgrounds are located along the south shore of the lake and provide a wide range of camping facilities including camp sites, picnic tables, fire rings, recreational vehicle hook-ups, potable water, restrooms, boat ramps, and fish cleaning stations. The day-use areas have picnic tables, potable water, and restrooms.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, a series of lodges were built at the lake. The first lodge was constructed in the early 1920s. The second was built in 1931, and a third in 1941. All three lodges were destroyed by fires. The 1941 lodge was renovated in 1974; however, before the remodeled facility re-opened a fire burned the building to the ground. The current lodge, known as The Lodge at Suttle Lake, is located at the east end of the lake, just north of the Lake Creek outlet. It is a 10,000 ft&sup2; resort facility built in the Cascadian rustic style. The lodge has ten guest rooms with fireplaces and lake or forest views. The resort also has six cabins including one that was once a Forest Service guard station.</p><br>
<p>The first summer camp at Suttle Lake was opened in 1921. By the 1940s, the camp was hosting as many as 300 people. To accommodate the campers, Pioneer Lodge was built in 1947. The lodge was located at the east end of the lake south of the Lake Creek outlet. The facility included a large dining hall, meeting rooms, and dormitory space. Twenty cabins were also built at the site. Wesley Meadow Lodge was built in 1981 and a residence for the camp director was added in 1991. Today, Suttle Lake Camp operates year-around, offering 30 Christian education programs.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Today, Suttle Lake is a very popular recreation site. There are three campgrounds with 96 campsites on the south shore of the lake. Blue Bay campground has 25 campsites; South Shore campground has 38 campsites; and Link Creek campground has 33 campsites plus 3 rental yurts. There are also two day-use areas for swimming and picnicking.</p><br>
<p>During the summer the lake is a popular place for swimming, fishing, boating, canoeing, kayaking, and water skiing. There are also trails near the lake for hiking, biking, and horseback riding. In the winter, trails around the lake are used for cross-country skiing and snowshoeing. There is also a network of snowmobile trails near the lake. Hoodoo Ski Area is 6 mi west of Suttle Lake, adding another recreational option for visitors interested in down-hill skiing.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Suttle Lake is located near the crest of the Cascade Mountains in western Jefferson County, Oregon. Its elevation is 3,438 ft above sea level. The lake is surrounded by the Deschutes National Forest. The lake is 13 mi west of Sisters, Oregon and 90 mi east of Salem, in the Willamette Valley. Highway 20 runs along the north side of the lake as is climbs a ridge toward Santiam Pass, 5 mi west of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Officially named F. W. Gross High School on January 2, 1936, the Victoria Colored School, in Victoria County, Texas, United States, was built in 1901 under authorization of the newly elected school board. The Victoria Independent School District, formed in 1898, chose a design by architect Jules Leffland for the district’s second high school, a segregated school for the "coloreds". The Colored School was built at 702 E. Convent Street, in the Diamond Hill area of Victoria, which had been settled by freedmen after the Civil War. The building was next door to the Freedmens School , which was turned into a dormitory for teachers of The Colored School.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Slavery had been illegal in Texas under Mexican rule but, in 1836, with the establishment of the Republic of Texas, slavery was legalized. For the first time, cotton farming in the Victoria area was profitable. The flat, fertile, well-watered, "empty" ranch lands throughout Texas interested cotton growers in the southeast. They began immigrating to Victoria, through the ports of Indianola and Linnville, buying land and bringing slaves with them to work the fields.</p><br>
<p>Victoria had played a role in the Confederacy. Confederate ports were blockaded by Union troops. The Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederacy developed a supply line, the Cotton Road, that funneled cotton overland, through Texas, to Matamoros in Mexico. There, the cotton was exchanged for supplies.</p><br>
<p>Twenty-five years after the legalization of slavery, at the outbreak of the Civil War, slaves equaled more than half of Victoria County’s population. The influx of southerners had surpassed the influx of the strict-abolitionist German immigrants, and Victoria County voted overwhelmingly for the succession of Texas.</p><br>
<p>The war eventually destroyed the market for cotton. Former slaves either became sharecroppers or drifted into the city, establishing a community and social infrastructure. Children in grades one to seven attended free, but citizen resistance to free education resulted in students in grades eight through 10 paying a fee until 1906.</p><br>
<h2>Early leadership</h2><br>
<p>The first principal of the Victoria Colored School was Frederick W. Gross, a Marshall, Texas, native with degrees from several well-known universities. He encouraged literary pursuits and stressed academic performance among the students and, under his leadership the first six years, the school became recognized among black colleges. In 1907, C.H. McGruder succeeded Gross as principal. By 1920, the enrollment in McGruder&#39;s pet program, the Industrial Arts Department, strained the capacity of the school.</p><br>
<h2>Accreditation</h2><br>
<p>Despite these successes, when the school applied for accreditation as a preparatory school for the state college in 1932, it was denied. It was eventually revealed that a lack of qualified teachers, space, and science equipment had been cited as reasons for the school&#39;s failure to gain accreditation. Seven years and federal grants later brought accreditation to the school. The school continued to act as an exclusively black school until 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Historical status</h2><br>
<p>The building at 702 E. Convent Street no longer serves as a school. On December 9, 1986, the location was certified by the National Register of Historic Places and, in August, 1986, became a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Mount Mirna , literally ‘peaceful mountain’, is a mountain in the eastern part of Kočevje Rog. It is located above the settlement of Planina and is the highest point in the traditional White Carniola region of Slovenia.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The name of the mountain was attested as Fridt Püchl (literally, peace mountain) in 1754. Traditional explanations of the name are connected with the function of the church that once stood there or the idea that it was spared from Ottoman attacks. However, like other Slovenian toponyms that seem to contain the adjective miren peaceful, it may also be derived from miren walled (e.g., Miren) or through dissimilation from the verb *nyrati to arise from the ground (e.g., the Mirna River or Mirna Peč).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A church dedicated to Saint Francis Xavier, dating from 1793, formerly stood on Mount Mirna. It was a pilgrimage church where people prayed for storms to be turned away. The church was burned in 1942.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Today Mount Mirna is a popular hiking destination. The Mount Mirna Lodge (Planinski dom na Mirni gori) is located 10 m below the summit, and the summit itself offers good views of White Carniola and the Kolpa Valley.</p><br>
<p>Cedar Bluff Reservoir is a reservoir in Trego County, Kansas, United States. Built and managed by the USA Bureau of Reclamation for irrigation and area water supply, it is also used for flood control and recreation. Cedar Bluff State Park is located on its shore.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The severe drought in western Kansas during the 1930s created demand for irrigation projects and new sources for municipal water supplies. In response, the USA Bureau of Reclamation began investigating the Smoky Hill River basin in 1941 to determine what would be feasible, but the outbreak of World War II halted the effort. The Flood Control Act of 1944 authorized the creation of Cedar Bluff Reservoir as part of the Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin Program, and investigations resumed in 1945. Construction of the reservoir and Cedar Bluff Dam began April 1, 1949 and took over two years to complete, finishing September 29, 1951. Difficulties in organizing an irrigation district delayed construction of a water distribution system for several years. Finally, in 1958, the Cedar Bluff Irrigation District was organized. Construction of the 18 mi Cedar Bluff Canal commenced in February 1961 and finished in July 1963. In April 1963, the city of Russell, Kansas signed a contract with the Bureau of Reclamation to use a portion of Cedar Bluff Reservoir as a municipal and industrial water supply.</p><br>
<p>In 1959, the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife established the Cedar Bluff National Fish Hatchery immediately east of the dam. Receiving its water from the reservoir, the hatchery raised fish stocks to supply waters in western Kansas, eastern Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas.</p><br>
<p>The flow of the Smoky Hill River declined sharply starting in the late 1960s, likely due to an increase in ground water pumping and the high evaporation rate in the region. Use of the reservoir for irrigation ended in 1978, and the Canal was shut down. The fish hatchery closed in 1983 and was re-purposed to raise Canadian geese. The Cedar Bluff Irrigation District dissolved in 1994, and control of the portion of reservoir capacity dedicated to irrigation transferred to the Kansas Water Office and the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks.</p><br>
<p>Since the end of irrigation operations, the primary uses of Cedar Bluff Reservoir have been for recreation, overseen by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, and for flood control and municipal water supply, managed by the Bureau of Reclamation.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Cedar Bluff Reservoir is located at 38&deg;47&prime;30&Prime;N latitude, 99&deg;52&prime;41&Prime;W longitude (38.7916792, -99.8781760) at an elevation of 2,149 ft.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is impounded at its eastern end by Cedar Bluff Dam. The dam is located at 38&deg;47&prime;38&Prime;N latitude, 99&deg;43&prime;21&Prime;W longitude (38.7939014, -99.7226164) at an elevation of 2,192 ft. The Smoky Hill River is both the reservoirs primary inflow from the west and its outflow to the east. Smaller tributaries include Cedar Gorge, which flows north into the central part of the reservoir, and Page Creek, which feeds the reservoirs southeastern arm.</p><br>
<p>Kansas Highway 147 runs generally north-south along the reservoir&#39;s eastern shore and across the top of the dam.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrography</h2><br>
<p>The surface area, surface elevation, and water volume of the reservoir fluctuate based on inflow and local climatic conditions. In terms of capacity, the Bureau of Reclamation vertically divides the reservoir into a set of pools based on volume and water level, and it considers the reservoir full when filled to the capacity of its active conservation pool.</p><br>
<p>The streambed underlying the reservoir has an elevation of 2,064 ft. Since the reservoir&#39;s initial flooding, sedimentation has gradually accumulated on the reservoir bottom thus raising its elevation.</p><br>
<h2>Infrastructure</h2><br>
<p>Cedar Bluff Dam is a rolled earth-fill embankment dam with rock riprap on its upstream face. An uncontrolled spillway is located at the south end of the dam. Gated outlet works through the base of the dam release water for downstream requirements.</p><br>
<h2>Management</h2><br>
<p>The USA Bureau of Reclamation operates and maintains both the dam and the reservoir. The USA Army Corps of Engineers assists by providing data and information on water regulation for flood control.</p><br>
<h2>Parks and recreation</h2><br>
<p>The KDWP operates Cedar Bluff State Park located on the reservoir&#39;s eastern end. The park is divided into two areas: the 350 acre Bluffton Area on the north shore and the 500 acre Page Creek Area on the south shore. Both areas include boat ramps and camping facilities. The Bluffton Area also has a swimming beach and sports facilities.</p><br>
<p>Cedar Bluff Reservoir is open for sport fishing year-round. Hunting is permitted on the public land around the reservoir although it is restricted in certain areas.</p><br>
<h3>Points of interest</h3><br>
<p>West of the park is Threshing Machine Canyon, the site of an 1867 American Indian attack on a wagon train carrying a threshing machine. The canyon walls still bear carvings dating back to the mid-1800s.</p><br>
<p>Located on the south shore of the reservoirs western end is the reservoirs namesake, Cedar Bluff. The 150 ft limestone bluff provides a scenic view of the area.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Fish species resident in Cedar Bluff Reservoir include black bass, bluegill, catfish, crappie, walleye, white bass, and wiper. Game animals living around the reservoir include mule deer, pheasants, turkeys, and whitetail deer. Doves, ducks, and geese migrate through the area seasonally. Bald eagles and golden eagles visit in winter.</p><br>
<p>The Carinthian-Slovenian Alps  are a mountain range in the eastern part of the Alps. They are located in Slovenia, Austria and, for a very small area in westernmost part of the range, in Italy.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The range belongs to the drainage basin of the Danube River.</p><br>
<h3>SOIUSA classification</h3><br>
<p>According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the Carinthian-Slovenian Alps are an Alpine section, classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=Southern Limestone Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Carinthian-Slovenian Alps</p><br>
<p>code=II/C-35</p><br>
<h3>Subdivision</h3><br>
<p>The Carinthian-Slovenian Alps are divided in two subsections:</p><br>
<p>Karavanke (SL: Karavanke; DE: Karawanken) - SOIUSA code:II/C-35.I</p><br>
<p>Kamnik–Savinja Alps (SL: Kamniško-Savinjske Alpe; DE: Steiner Alpen) - SOIUSA code:II/C-35.II.</p><br>
<h2>Notable summits</h2><br>
<p>Some notable summits of the Carinthian-Slovenian Alps are:</p><br>
<p>Kritinia  is a Greek village in the municipal unit of Attavyros, on the island of Rhodes, South Aegean region. In 2011 its population was 503; 454 in the village proper and 49 in the locality of Kameiros Skala.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village, meaning New Crete, was founded by some families escaped from Crete (Κρήτη) during the Turkish rule in the island. Originally, the settlement was located by the coast, in the current position of Kameiros Skala; but after the Byzantine era it was moved on the hills, for safety against pirates. In 1658, the Venetian Doge Francesco Morosini tried to conquer Rhodes entering at Kameiros Skala beach, but the Venetian army was rejected.</p><br>
<p>The castle above Kritinia, named Kastellos (Κάστελλος), was built in 1472 by Giorgio Orsini to protect the inhabitants of the village from the attacks of the Ottoman fleets. Until the liberation of the Dodecanese, the village was named Kastelli, from the Latin Castellum, meaning castle.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Kritinia is located on a hillside between Mount Attavyros and the western coast of the island of Rhodes. It is 10 km from Embonas, 51 km from the town of Rhodes, 53 km from Lindos and 35 km from Rhodes International Airport.</p><br>
<p>The locality of Kameiros Skala (Κάμειρος Σκάλα) is located by the Aegean Sea, 5 km from Kritinia (36.27229&deg; latitude, 27.82863&deg; longitude). It has a beach and a little port with a ferry service to the island of Halki. Despite the name Kameiros Skala is some 14 km from Kameiros. Close to it is Mandriko, a locality which is part of the community of Embonas.</p><br>
<p>The Bergamasque Alps and Prealps  are a mountain range in the southern part of the Alps. They are located in Lombardy, in the northern part of Italy.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Administratively the range belongs to the Italian province of Bergamo and, marginally, to the provinces of Sondrio, Lecco and Brescia.</p><br>
<p>The western slopes of the mountains are drained by the Adda, the central and western part of the range by Oglio and other minor rivers and streams, all of them tributaries of the Po.</p><br>
<h3>SOIUSA classification</h3><br>
<p>According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain range is an Alpine section, classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=Southern Limestone Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Bergamasque Alps and Prealps</p><br>
<p>code=II/C-29</p><br>
<h3>Borders</h3><br>
<p>Bergamasque Alps and Prealps&#39; borders are (clockwise):</p><br>
<p>Como lake (west)</p><br>
<p>river Adda, Aprica pass and Corteno valley (north)</p><br>
<p>val Camonica and Iseo lake (east)</p><br>
<p>Po Plain (south).</p><br>
<h3>Subdivision</h3><br>
<p>The Bergamasque Alps and Prealps are subdivided in two subsections:</p><br>
<p>Bergamo Alps (IT: Alpi Orobie) - SOIUSA code: II/C-29.I,</p><br>
<p>Bergamasque Prealps (IT: Prealpi Bergamasche)- SOIUSA code: II/C-29.II,</p><br>
<p>which are divided by some secondary valleys of Val Brembana, Val Seriana and Val Camonica: Valsassina, Valtorta, Val Secca, Valcanale, Val Nembo, Val di Scalve and Val Paisco.</p><br>
<h2>Notable summits</h2><br>
<p>Some notable summits of the range are:</p><br>
<p>The Buel House is a single-family house and historic site in Golconda, Illinois on the Ohio River. The house, built in 1840, is owned by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency and is operated by the Pope County Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The homes first owner, Alexander Buel, was a tanner of hides into dressed leather. At the time, there were substantial shipments of hides and leather up and down the Ohio River, with craftsmen such as Jesse Grant (father of Ulysses S. Grant) in the river leather trade. The house remained in the hands of the Buel family until 1986, and is preserved as an example of a working-class homes 146-year occupation by one family. The Buel family&#39;s period of residence included the years of the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>A local legend claims that the Buel House was a site on the Trail of Tears; this is impossible, however, because the house was not built until 1840. It is fact that the Cherokee were forced to march through Golconda in 1838, and the deportees undoubtedly passed the house site.</p><br>
<p>The Buel House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 as part of the Golconda Historic District. It is located at Madison and Columbus Streets, in central Golconda.</p><br>
<p>Knook Castle is the site of an Iron Age univallate hillfort on Knook Down, near the village of Knook in Wiltshire, England, but within the civil parish of Upton Lovell. It has also been interpreted as a defensive cattle enclosure associated with nearby Romano-British settlements. It is roughly rectangular in plan with a single entrance on the south/southeast side, but with a later break in the wall on the western side.</p><br>
<p>John Marius Wilson&#39;s Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870–1872) described Knook Castle as follows:</p><br>
<p>Knook Castle is an ancient single ditched entrenchment, of about 2 acres; is supposed to have been originally a British village, and afterwards a Roman summer camp; and has yielded Roman coins. Traces of another ancient British village are to the N. "The site of these villages", says Sir R. Hoare, "is decidedly marked by great cavities and a black soil; and the attentive eye may easily trace out the lines of houses and the streets, or rather the hollow ways, conducting to them. Numerous tumuli and barrows are in the neighbourhood."</p><br>
<p>The site and surrounding downs are easily accessible by public footpath, with the Imber Range perimeter path running east to west immediately to the north of the site. Further to the north lies Imber Range, one of the military firing ranges of Salisbury Plain.</p><br>
<h2>Romano British Settlements</h2><br>
<p>Nearby, some 300m to the north of the hillfort, and slightly further to the north east, are the sites of two Romano British settlements of Knook Down East and Knook Down West. They lie approximately 600m apart and are linked by an earlier linear ditch or hollow way.</p><br>
<p>Knook Down East covers approximately 4 hectare and is well preserved around a central trackway feature that runs north to south, with 11no. surrounding scooped platforms and enclosures. Knook Down West covers approximately 11 hectare and may comprise two distinct settlements. The northern side of the site has a central area off of which are five trackways that serve a number of enclosures. On the southern side of the site are three enclosures. Between the two areas lies a field system, with the north and south sides linked by a trackway, which follows the line of a pre-Roman linear ditch.</p><br>
<p>Finds at the sites and the surrounding areas date predominantly from the 2nd to 4th centuries AD, and include for bones, bracelets, nails, door-furniture, Roman coins, stone flooring, hearths with painted stucco and brick, and burial remains found with a basalt axe.</p><br>
<p>Possible associated landscape features also include for extensive surrounding field systems, boundary earthworks, ponds, two corn-drying kilns, and the outline of a possible small amphitheatre, or circus.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Excavations at the hillfort and the surrounding areas have revealed many items from Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age and Romano British periods. Most of the various finds discovered are now preserved at the Wiltshire Heritage Museum in Devizes.</p><br>
<p>Most recently in the 1950s, the archaeologist Leslie Grinsell has reviewed and indexed the site and surrounding features. Earlier excavations by Sir Richard Colt Hoare and William Cunnington in the 1800s revealed most of the various finds and interments. However, as the three-age system had not yet been introduced, they were unable to date their finds and therefore were at a disadvantage when trying to interpret them. The following table includes for details of the nearby surrounding tumuli, barrows, and other ancient features. The tumuli and barrows are referenced by Grinsells reference system which uses the original parish name. Only the Knook referenced sites are shown here although there are many other Grinsell referenced tumuli also to be found nearby which fall into the adjacent parishes of Chitterne, Codford, and Heytesbury; some of which form part of the Aston Valley Barrow Cemetery, some 2000m to the southeast of the hillfort.</p><br>
<p>Μyli  is a part of the local community of Chromonastiri of the Rethymno Municipality in the Rethymno  of the region of Crete established by Kallikratis reform. Capital of the new municipality is Rethymno.</p><br>
<p>When discussing Myli we refer both to a village built in the early 1970s (“new Myli”) and to the desserted two small villages with the same name (or referred as “ano Myli” and “Kato Myli”), remains of which can be found within the Gorge of Myli.</p><br>
<h2>geography and history</h2><br>
<p>Taking the road south of Chromonastiri you will arrive at the village of Myli after 1.5 km. In order to visit the (old desserted village of ) Myli you have to walk down the path, which leads to the gorge, where the village is situated. Its name is derived from the many water mills, which were once in operation. A visit to this village is also worthwhile for its abundant vegetation and picturesque location.</p><br>
<p>There are references that the area of Myli was occupied from the Ottoman period onwards (but there are many buildings, remains of the Venetian period).</p><br>
<h2>Attractions: The Gorge of Myli</h2><br>
<p>The gorge of Myli is ideal for walk, it takes just one hour to walk through this full of green gorge. The gorge starts at Chromonastiri and ends up at the village Xiro Chorio. There is a small river in the gorge and the deserted old village of Myli, where one can see samples of traditional architecture, old churches and caves.</p><br>
<p>Sherman Pass  is a mountain pass in California on the Kern Plateau in the Sequoia National Forest near the southern tip of the Sierra Nevada. It is traversed by Sherman Pass Road , which runs from Kern River Highway  at the North Fork Kern River on the west to Kennedy Meadow Road  on the east.</p><br>
<p>Access from the east is via US 395 at 9-Mile Canyon Road north of Pearsonville, Kennedy Meadow Road to Kennedy Meadows, and Sherman Pass Road.</p><br>
<p>One access route from the west is via SR 99 at Sierra Avenue (County Route J22) in Earlimart to Ducor, Avenue 56 (County Route J22), Hot Springs Road (M-56) to California Hot Springs, Parker Pass Road (M-504 / Forest Route 23S03), Parker Pass Drive (M-50), Kern River Highway to Johnsondale, and Sherman Pass Road.</p><br>
<p>Another access route from the south is via SR 99 at SR 58 in Bakersfield, SR 184, SR 178 to Lake Isabella, SR 155, Burlando Road (County Road 495) to Kernville, Sierra Way (County Road 521) to Riverkern, Kern River Highway to Johnsondale, and Sherman Pass Road.</p><br>
<p>Like other road passes in the Sierra Nevada range, part of Sherman Pass Road is usually closed during the winter, with the exact opening and closure dates dependent on snowfall and available road clearing and repair resources.</p><br>
<p>The Maud and Belle Ainsworth House is a historic house located in the Southwest Hills neighborhood of Portland, Oregon. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Maud Ainsworth was a prominent Northwest photographer in a cutting-edge, modernist style. The 1907 Arts and Crafts house she shared with her sister Belle included her studio and darkroom. The sisters were the two youngest daughters of pioneer businessman and steamboat owner John C. Ainsworth. Belle Ainsworth, under her married name of Jenkins, is also associated with the National Register listed Jenkins Estate in nearby Washington County.</p><br>
<p>The house is a defining work of architect William C. Knighton, a designer of importance throughout Oregon.</p><br>
<p>Cleawox Lake , is a body of water dammed by sand dunes along the Pacific Ocean coast of the USA state of Oregon. The lake is about 3 mi south of Florence along USA Route 101. Sharing the lakeshore are private properties as well as Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area and Jessie M. Honeyman Memorial State Park, which also partly fronts on Woahink Lake. Cleawox is derived from the Siuslaw name for the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Cleawox Lake is a submerged remnant of the headwaters of a small coastal stream that existed before the most recent ice age. The lake formed after melting glaciers caused a rise in sea level that drowned the lower reaches of the stream. Sediments from the sluggish stream formed sand dunes, behind which the lake was dammed. The dunes, estimated to be advancing northward at 15 to 20 ft a year, are encroaching on the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>Covering only 1.6 square miles, Cleawox Lake&#39;s drainage basin is separate from the nearby Woahink&ndash;Siltcoos watershed to the east and south. Water enters Cleawox from small surface streams and by seepage, and no surface outflow has been identified. Soils are sandy and well-drained and support mainly pines and shrubs. Although the lake is saltier than most other coastal lakes in Oregon, it is also more transparent.</p><br>
<p>About 2 mi of the lakeshore borders Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, and about 1 mi borders Honeyman State Park. The rest borders private property, including vacation homes and girl scout Camp Cleawox.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Park visitors use the lake for swimming, canoeing, and fishing for warm-water species and rainbow and coastal cutthroat trout. No overnight camping is allowed next to the lake, but nearby areas of the state park have many campsites.</p><br>
<p>The Martin–Boismenue House is a single-family house and historic site in East Carondelet, Illinois about 1.5 miles  East of the Mississippi River. The house, built circa 1790, is owned by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Martin–Boismenue House, built about 1790 by North American frontiersman Pierre Martin, is one of the oldest surviving structures in Illinois. Although the house was built after the American Bottom had been ceded to the young United States of America, the house reflects the French Colonial architectural traditions of the Mississippi River valley. The region immediately around Cahokia, Illinois continued to speak French for several decades after the cession.</p><br>
<p>The one-story house is built as a poteaux-sur-sol (post-on-sill) structure, a traditional French building scheme that shares many elements with traditional European half timbering. Squared-log outer walls support the roof; the logs, squared off by hand-hewing or with a pit saw, rest on a log sill mounted on a stone foundation. Galleries, wide porches, enclose the houses north and south facades. The house consists of a two-room first floor, a large attic, a half basement, and the two galleries. There was no shortage of firewood in the Illinois Territory during the houses early history, and the three separate fireplaces were used to heat the home and acted as places for cooking.</p><br>
<p>The Martin–Boismenue House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 9, 1990 as NRHP site #89002350. It is located at 2110 1st Street in East Carondelet.</p><br>
<p>Mount Franklin is an extinct volcano about 10 km north of Daylesford and 4.6 km south east of Franklinford in Victoria, Australia. A road spirals round the outside slopes covered with pine trees, into a flat 50 acre caldera, now used as a camping ground, and onto the rim which hosts a fire lookout, parking area and picnic ground.</p><br>
<p>Being a prominent local landmark, it gives its name to the Mount Franklin locality within the Shire of Daylesford and Glenlyon. The mountain is included within the boundaries of the Mount Franklin Reserve managed by Parks Victoria.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was created by a volcanic eruption about 470,000 years ago. It is fine example of a breached scoria cone. The breach in the south eastern rim (through which the road now enters) is thought to have been caused by lava flow breaking through the rim. The caldera is one of the deepest in the central highlands area. Earlier flows extend to the north and west. The coarse ejecta exposed around the summit includes red and green olivine and megacrysts of high-temperature (some of the largest known Victorian examples) and orthoclase (to 7 cm long) and augite (over 9 cm long). Lumps of Ordovician sedimentary and granitic bedrock also occur in the ejecta and small basalt blocks contain cores of crazed quartz. On the western slope is the parasitic scoria mound known as "Lady Franklin".</p><br>
<p>The volcanic eruptions may have been witnessed by members of the Dja Dja Wurrung native Aboriginal tribe who called this country the ‘smoking grounds’. The clan that occupied the country around Mount Franklin were the Gunangara Gundidj who may have called it "Lalgambook". Mount Franklin and the surrounding area appears to have been a place of considerable religious significance to Aboriginal people. Both ethnographical and archaeological evidence indicates that frequent large ceremonial gatherings took place in the area. Lava from Mount Franklin and other volcanoes in the area filled valleys and buried the gold bearing streams that became the renowned ‘deep leads’ of the gold mining era.</p><br>
<p>The country around Mount Franklin was described in 1855 as "thickly timbered with box and stringbark". Reports of fertile land waiting to be claimed prompted a minor rush by squatters who called the mount "Jim Crow Hill". Charles Joseph La Trobe, superintendent of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales named the mountain after Sir John Franklin after they climbed the hill together in December 1843.</p><br>
<p>In 1840, in response to concerns about the treatment of Aboriginals by the settlers, the government took over Mount Franklin and the surrounding area for the Loddon Aboriginal Protectorate Station.</p><br>
<p>In 1852, as part of the Victorian gold rush, gold was discovered in the immediate area. This placed additional pressures on the protectorate station and it was reduced and finally relocated.</p><br>
<p>Around 1865 the presence of a deep lead in Mount Franklin was established. Deep lead mining was initially unsuccessful, and it was not until the late 1870s that the Franklinford Gold Mining Company mined at Mount Franklin on a significant scale. A few years later the Mount Franklin Estate Gold Mining Company also struck gold, followed by the Shakespeare and Great Western companies in the mid-1880s. By the late 1880s, however, deep lead mining had ceased in the area.</p><br>
<p>As the alluvial gold was worked out, miners turned their attention to the gold-bearing leads deep beneath the earth’s surface. This gold was created by lava flows during the Newer Volcanic period, were mined intensively during the nineteenth century. One such company operated a mining lease at the eastern foot of Mount Franklin.</p><br>
<p>In 1866, the crater of Mount Franklin was set aside as a recreation reserve, and the remainder reserved as State forest. Owing to the high demand for land in the district, two areas of the reserve were excised and sold for agricultural settlement. This galvanised popular support for the permanent reservation of Mount Franklin.</p><br>
<p>During the 1870s and 80s, scenic qualities of natural bushland gained popularity as recreational venues as compared to formal parks and gardens. In 1875, a meeting asked the Victorian government to reserve all the land at Mount Franklin for public purposes and a reservation of 157 acres was gazetted the following year under shared management of the surrounding local government areas. In 1891 the Shire of Mount Franklin was given sole control of the reserve.</p><br>
<p>From the 1880s, parts of the reserve were being leased for grazing, providing much-needed revenue for the committee of management. By the 1920s, rabbit infestation was a major problem. Nevertheless, during this period the crater was still a popular destination for picnickers and pleasure-seekers. Mount Franklin was promoted as a local beauty spot within easy reach of Daylesford and Hepburn Springs mineral springs resort. A shelter shed and rainwater tank were erected.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, the railway network was extended to Daylesford making destinations like Mount Franklin a comfortable day-trip from Melbourne.</p><br>
<p>In 1944, a devastating wildfire destroyed most of the native vegetation on the mount. As a result, the inner and outer slopes of the crater were planted with exotic species, mainly conifers, to prevent erosion and to provide revenue through commercial harvesting. The caldera was planted with ornamentals such as silver birch, white poplar, Sycamore and Sequoia sempervirens (Californian Redwoods).</p><br>
<p>Not everyone approved of the scheme. Edgar Morrison remarked on Mount Franklin’s "pine-clad heights": "One feels that when the Forest Commission, a generation ago, draped this foreign garb around its shoulders, the old mount.... resented the indignity."</p><br>
<p>In 1955, 145 acres was re-reserved as permanent forest under the control of the Shire of Daylesford and Glenlyon. Within the reserve, an area of eight acres was set aside for recreation, specifically for an entrance gate and road which The new road made the mount more accessible at the same time as the dramatic increase in car ownership in the 1950s, and the lifting of war-time petrol rationing.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, the Department of Crown Lands and Survey took over the committee of management. In 1977, Mount Franklin was included in the new Hepburn Regional Park and managed by the Forest Commission of Victoria.</p><br>
<h2>Popular belief</h2><br>
<p>Mount Franklin is also the name of a mineral water producer owned by Coca-Cola Amatil believed by many residents of the area to have an association with the volcano. Neither the source of the water or any historical link with Mount Franklin, Victoria are mentioned on the website.</p><br>
<p>Engine Company No. 25 is a historic firehouse located at 3203 Martin Luther King Jr., Ave SE, in Congress Heights, Washington, District of Columbia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1901 and, starting in 1903, served by Chemical Company 5, which served in areas where water hydrants were not yet available. Its original equipment was a 1903 American LaFrance double tank 170 gallon chemical engine.</p><br>
<p>In July 1913 Company 5 was disbanded and Engine Company 25 occupied the firehouse. Its original equipment was a 1913 Ahrens Fox 700 GPM motor pumper.</p><br>
<p>In 2007 the firehouse was listed by the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Firehouses in Washington D.C. Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<h2>Line of Duty Deaths</h2><br>
<p>March 2, 1927 Private Edward F. Laughton</p><br>
<p>December 4, 1947 Private Lloyd A. Irwin</p><br>
<h2>Dispatches from Eng. Co. 25</h2><br>
<p>April 19, 1981 The Washington Post Magazine completed a full magazine spread about the rich history and heroic actions performed by the men of Engine Company 25. In 1980, Engine company 25 was the busiest company in the District with 2,533 alarms.</p><br>
<h2>Past Engines</h2><br>
<p>1903 American La France</p><br>
<p>1913 Ahrens Fox</p><br>
<p>2000 Seagrave (S-135)</p><br>
<p>2006 Seagrave Marauder II (S-167)</p><br>
<p>2014 Pierce Arrow (S-190)</p><br>
<p>Mount Oxley (Aboriginal: Oombi Oombi situated 32 km from Bourke in the Far West region of New South Wales in outback Australia.</p><br>
<p>The hill appears as a mesa-like inselberg, rising 150 m above the Western Plains. It is a small relic of a formerly large sedimentary rock formation, mostly now eroded away. The underlying and surrounding rocks are sedimentary sandstone and metamorphic quartzite.</p><br>
<p>The first European to visit the mountain was Charles Sturt in December 1828. He mentioned "a report as of a gun discharge" near Mount Oxley. He surmised "it might be some gaseous explosion".</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Named after the explorer John Oxley, the mountain is known as Oombi Oombi to the Indigenous Australians. Archaeological evidence suggested that they quarried the area for grinding stones. Stones from Mount Oxley were highly regarded and expensive, and reportedly managed by indigenous elders.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Plants growing here have adapted to the semi-arid climate. They include species of Acacia, the desert bloodwood, weeping pittosporum and leopardwood. Wildflowers of the daisy family are prominent after rain. Animals seen here include western grey kangaroo and feral goats. Wedge-tailed eagles are often seen flying above the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>A number of small crater-like rocky formations may be seen in two distinct lines on the top part of the hill. There is ongoing speculation regarding their formation. The most likely explanation for the speculated huge steam vents, explosions and craters is geological. Other theories include meteors, evil spirits, omens, artillery, animals or unidentified human activity. Charles Sturt&#39;s exploring party reached there in January 1828 and recorded a description of the curious craters:</p><br>
<p>Mount Oxley has been mooted as a site for a seven-turbine 18 MW wind farm.</p><br>
<p>The Spring Hill Reservoirs are two heritage-listed former underground water storage reservoirs within Wickham Park at 230 Wickham Terrace, Spring Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia . They are also known as Service Reservoirs. They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<p>The first reservoir was built in 1871, and the second just metres from the first some eleven years after. Both were built primarily of red-brick and mortar, set in-ground. Interiors feature columns and arches between walls for reinforcement. At the time of planning, Spring Hill was considered to be the ideal location for a Brisbane water source, due to its elevation above most of what is now Brisbane CBD. Water was sourced from Enoggera Dam via gravity feed. They were built in 1871 and 1882 by Henry Holmes. They serviced water to what is now Brisbane City until 1962. Currently, the reservoirs are covered by three hut-like structures above ground. For many years the reservoirs were locked and inaccessible to the public. However, since 2014, they are used occasionally for cultural events.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The reservoirs were built as an essential part of Brisbanes second phase of water supply development. During the first self-service stage, the inhabitants relied mostly upon natural water courses, wells, tanks and water-carriers. The only public supply was the old convict dam and a hardwood pipeline in the Roma Street hollow (1838), supplemented by an elevated tank in Tank Street (1859). So inadequate and polluted was the water supply that this became a controversial issue as soon as the Brisbane Municipal Council was formed and Queenslands Separation gained in 1859. Despite strenuous debate amongst aldermen regarding the best solution, and continual conflict between council and parliament over control, the new water supply system from Enoggera Dam was constructed by the Brisbane Board of Waterworks and their engineer Joseph Brady in 1863-1866. This was the first reticulated gravity supply and the first municipal engineering undertaking in Queensland. Although Brisbane Mayor Thomas Blacket Stephens proposed a service reservoir on Windmill Hill (Wickham Terrace) as early as 1862, this was postponed for financial reasons until 1871, when the water pressure was already inadequate due to population expansion and increased consumption. Henry Holmes was the prominent building contractor. Further complaints led to the provision of the second, larger reservoir in 1882, particularly to service the high parts of South Brisbane and Kangaroo Point. Other improvements were made in the water supply system which coped with the population boom of the 1880s, including the building of the Gold Creek Dam in 1885-1886, and of the Highgate Hill service reservoir which was of mass concrete rather than arched brick walls in 1889. The commissioning of Mount Crosby pumping station in 1893 marked the decline of gravity water supply. The Spring Hill reservoirs were not used after the Gold Creek dam improved reticulation pressure from 1886 onwards, until a new policy of constructing service reservoirs to reduce the load on trunk mains was recommended in 1903. This resulted in reconditioning of the reservoirs in 1904-1905, including reconnection with the original Enoggera watermain, and the provision of roofs to prevent the growth of algae, a spray inlet, a floating outlet and a relief valve for the Mount Crosby supply. Other inground reservoirs were built on the hills of Brisbane and continue to serve the city today. The Spring Hill reservoirs remained an integral part of the Brisbane water supply system until 3 September 1962 when the watermain was shut down, unable to serve an increasingly highrise inner city due to their comparatively small capacity and low elevation. Redevelopment proposals during the 1980s included converting the area into an art gallery, restaurant, theatre in the round and bus exchange.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, the Underground Opera Company performed in the reservoirs, having spent 3 years cleaning them. The tickets sold out and the Company entered into an arrangement to continue to use the reservoirs for opera until 2017.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<h2>Art installation</h2><br>
<p>In 2017, the site hosted an art installation by Meaghan Streader that featured neon lights.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Spring Hill Reservoirs were listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Spring Hill service reservoirs are an historic expression of demographic growth, improvement in living standards and local politics in Brisbane during the years of early self-government.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>In Queensland they are the first of a series of inground reservoirs, but quite unusual in being the only ones known to have been built of brick with arched baffle walls rather than concrete.</p><br>
<p>The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The sub-surface pits, chambers and pipes, and the sites of the two former houses have the potential to reveal technical and archaeological evidence.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>In Australian context there are important differences in form, material and dating between each of the above reservoirs; but their similarities, particularly between Spring Hill and Adelaide, are such that the former may be treated as a significant example of its type.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>In addition the reservoirs have long formed a pleasing part of the "Windmill Hill" reserves, which also include the old convict windmill, a reconstructed signal flagstaff and surrounding parkland. Their dimly lit, resonant and monumental interior spaces are also atmospheric in character.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.</p><br>
<p>As an important part of the Enoggera waterworks system, and a simple but handsome solution to the problem of an adequate water supply, the reservoirs represent both a technical and a creative achievement of the Colonial era.</p><br>
<p>Shetrunji River  is a north-flowing river in western India in Gujarat.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It rises northeast of the Gir Hills, near Dhari in Amreli district. Its course begins east-northeast along a lineament which runs parallel to the Narmada Fault, passes north of Palitanas hills, Shatrunjaya, then in a southeasterly direction past Talaja Hill, through a peninsula, before reaching the Gulf of Cambay, approximately 6 miles north of Goapnath Point. It has two mouths, one situated approximately 4.5 miles north of the point, and the other being an additional 1.5 miles to the north. Situated 4.5 miles eastward of the rivers mouth is Sultanpur Shoal.</p><br>
<p>Shetrunji&#39;s basin has a maximum length of 227 km. The total catchment area of the basin is 5,636 km&sup2;. Along with the Ghelo, Kalubhar, and the Vagad Rivers, the Shetrunji is a principal river of the district, and the second largest river in the region of Saurashtra. The brackish stream, Gagadio, joins the Shetrunji about 2 km from Krankach. Khodiyar Mata is an approximately 50 ft waterfall near Dhari. The topography is a mix of hills and plains.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The Palitana dam was built in 1959 across the river at Nani-Rajasthali and represents Shetrunji&#39;s irrigation scheme. This scheme is meant to provide river water to a cultivation area of 56,000 - of land. Shetrunji supplies drinking water to Bhavnagar. A small port is located at Sultanpur.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>An old masjid is situated between the Shetrunji and the Natadia River, while a shrine of Khodiar Mata is situated within the Shetrunji&#39;s lower reaches. Middle to Upper Palaeolithic sites have been found along the river. Archaeological exploration along the river has noted 22 settlements which date circa 1st century BCE to 1st century CE. The sites included nine fishing villages, a mixed use fishing-agrarian village, a mixed use agrarian-salt-farming village, as well as a regional centre. Of these, Padri village dates to the Harappan period, while Hathab village was the largest in the lower river valley, Palitana is situated near the river, serving as the base town for the hills of Shatrunjaya upon which are the Palitana temples, an important place of worship for Jains.</p><br>
<p>East Bay is a bay of the Bras d&#39;Or Lake on Cape Breton Island in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It lies entirely within Cape Breton County.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>East Bay is one of three long narrow arms that extend to the east of the main body of the Bras dOr Lake, the others being St. Andrews Channel and Great Bras dOr Channel. As East Bay is part of the Bras dOr Lake system and the lake is essentially a fiordal system connected to the North Atlantic via two restricted channels at the Great Bras dOr Channel north of Boularderie Island and the Little Bras d&#39;Or Channel to south of Boularderie Island, the waters of East Bay are brackish, partially fresh/ salt water.</p><br>
<p>East Bay opens to the south-west directly onto the Bras d&#39;Or Lake and lies between the Boisdale Hills to the north and the East Bay Hills to the south. The bay measures 8.3 km wide at its mouth, between Benacadie Point to the north, and Middle Cape to the south and runs easterly 30.6 km to its terminus at Portage. East Bay has 77.9 km of shoreline.</p><br>
<p>The bay&#39;s shores are generally heavily wooded and consist mainly of bold and rocky shorelines interspersed with numerous barrachois (barrier) points and beaches. Glacial drumlin deposits form a group of islands along the northern shore of East Bay. The narrower eastern end of the bay is bridged by the East Bay Sandbar, running east-west 1.25 km.</p><br>
<h2>The name</h2><br>
<p>The present day name for the bay, "East Bay", appears in written accounts as early as 1829, and on maps of the area at least as far back as 1855, though both current and former names (previously "St. Andrews Channel") appeared together on maps as late as 1890. The earlier name "St. Andrews Channel", is now used to identify the adjacent arm of the lake to the north falling between the Boisdale Hills and Boulardarie Island.</p><br>
<h2>Oceanography</h2><br>
<p>East Bays limited connections to the open ocean through the relatively narrow and shallow Great and Little Bras dOr channels and the Barra Strait result in limited tidal movement. This, in combination with high freshwater runoff, results in relatively low salinity of 20-21 p.p.t.in surface waters at the east end of East Bay. A thermocline and halocline develop at 10 - during the summer and probably deepen in the winter. Measurements of oxygen and salinity indicate that lake water is a mix of Atlantic water and local runoff, with an insignificant contribution from groundwater. The bay is at least partially covered by ice most winters, with water temperatures warming by more than 10 °C from May to July.</p><br>
<p>East Bay shows a typical estuarine water circulation, with brackish near-surface waters tending to flow toward the open lake to the west, and deep saline water tending to flow into the bay. The long fetch offered by West Bay to the south-west can result in sizeable waves and swells to develop during southwest or northeast gales.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and seabed morphology</h2><br>
<p>Much of the coastal topography around the bay is very steep, rising almost immediately from the shoreline to elevations of 180 to 200 m. Like the other major channels of the Bras dOr Lake (St. Patricks, Great Bras d’Or, Little Bras d’Or and St. Andrews), East Bay has a northeast – southwest orientation. Rifting and regional tectonic plate movements some 360 million years ago formed this directional series of small fault bounded basins between highlands of resistant crystalline rock. The northern shoreline suggests that the bay is largely underlain by Carboniferous Windsor Group sedimentary rocks, principally shale, sandstone and gypsum. The southern shoreline is generally the elongated block of Precambrian rocks known as the East Bay Hills, composed of volcanic deposits of the Fourchu Group (ash and lava interleaved with marine sediments) and earlier Paleozoic era intrusive granite and quartzite. This is some of the oldest surficial geology visible around the Bras dOr Lake, yet soft Windsor Group rocks form a narrow band along the bay&#39;s southern shore and extend out as the lake floor.</p><br>
<p>East Bay occupies a regional lowland that developed in soft Windsor Group rocks before the Quaternary glacial period. The main excavation of the deep channel (81 -) in East Bay appears to be a consequence of glacial erosion, probably over hundreds of thousands of years through the Quaternary. The cliffs bordering the lake are unusual because they preserve organic sediments predating the last glaciation that provide a window on earlier environmental conditions.</p><br>
<p>The morphology of the lake floor is influenced by the deposition of glacial till and pre-glacial silty muds that occurred during the last retreat of ice. A series of recessional moraines are visible on the floor of East Bay, with pre-glacial silty muds thickening eastward.</p><br>
<p>The shallowness of the links between the Bras dOr Lake and the Atlantic Ocean have resulted in a complex post-glacial history. Final melting of glacial ice probably occurred about 10,000 years after the Younger Dryas climatic oscillation. The first sediments deposited above glacial till in the central part of the lake, probably 10,000 to 9,000 years ago, contain dinocysts that indicate some penetration of marine water into the lake. The relatively high sea level inferred at this time reflects the continuing depression of the land from loading by glacial ice. Rebound from this depression cut off marine-water influx from about 9,000 to 4,500 years ago. As a result, for many thousands of years the Bras dOr Lakes were fresh and relatively stable in size, water level and shoreline and were divided into a series of smaller lakes connected by rivers. East Bay was for the most part dry land during this period but the deeper area in the western part of the present bay was even then a significant bay off the main body of the largest of these lakes. Well-preserved and recognizable submerged coastal landforms are common in this part of East Bay. Clearly discernible tombolos, spits, and barrier beaches are present at this former coastline, 25 - below present lake water levels. To the east, the present deep section of the bay east of the McPhee Islands was also a small lake, separated from the other lakes by a section of dry land, connected by a stream.</p><br>
<p>Late Holocene subsidence resulted in a renewed influx of marine water in the last 4,500 years. The effects of this subsidence are seen in the transgressive character of many of the shoreline features.</p><br>
<p>Sediment distribution in the Bras d&#39;Or Lake is similar to that found in many of the larger coastal inlets on the southern shore of Nova Scotia. Deeper areas of the lake are floored by mud, except for the sands found in some areas flushed by tidal currents. Coastal erosion of glacial sediments has led to the formation of many sandy and gravelly barrier beaches and spits.</p><br>
<h2>Plants</h2><br>
<p>Seaweed species are similar to those of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In both areas, seaweeds usually found in intertidal zones occur only in deeper water as the result of winter ice activity, and the rockweed Ascophyllum nodosum is found subtidally. Sheltered bays have marginal salt to freshwater marsh vegetation.</p><br>
<h2>Animals</h2><br>
<p>East Bay is one of the areas where the American Oyster is found, owing to warmer water temperatures suitable for growth and reproduction. A significant population of sand shrimp, a southern species, exists here. The polychaete fauna is Virginian in character but also includes some arctic-boreal species. Other invertebrate populations include lobster (Homarus americanus), Atlantic rock crab (Cancer irroratus), the invasive species Green crab (Carcinus maenas), sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis), starfish (Asterias vulgaris), sand dollars (Echinarachnius parma) and periwinkles.</p><br>
<p>A varied fish fauna includes blueback herring, blackspotted stickleback, American eel and a southern population of Greenland cod. A feral population of rainbow trout is present in the bay as well. These support strong populations of great blue heron, double-crested cormorant, and bald eagle.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural environment</h2><br>
<p>Most cultural use of East Bay is related to shore-based activities. The area is of high cultural significance to the Mikmaq people. Eskasoni 3, a Mikmaq reserve, is the largest community on the bay, situated on the bay&#39;s northern shore. The bay is important for recreational boating. A marina for local and visiting boaters was completed and opened in the spring of 2013 at the community of Ben Eoin as part of the existing ski hill and golf course complex. There is a popular swimming beach at the East Bay Sandbar, just to the north of the small community of East Bay.</p><br>
<h2>Communities</h2><br>
<p>Communities along the shoreline of East Bay include (from northwest to the bay&#39;s eastern terminus to southwest):</p><br>
<p>Benacadie</p><br>
<p>Castle Bay</p><br>
<p>Eskasoni</p><br>
<p>Island View</p><br>
<p>Northside East Bay</p><br>
<p>Portage (at the head of the bay)</p><br>
<p>East Bay</p><br>
<p>Ben Eoin</p><br>
<p>St. Andrew&#39;s Channel</p><br>
<p>Big Pond</p><br>
<p>Big Pond Centre</p><br>
<p>Middle Cape</p><br>
<p>Irishvale</p><br>
<p>The Western Tauern Alps  are a mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The range is bound by the Salzach river in the north; in the south the upper Drava and the Rienz in the Puster Valley form the border with the Southern Limestone Alps. In the west the Wipptal Valley up to the Brenner Pass and the course of the Eisack (Isarco) river separate it from the Eastern Rhaetian Alps. Administratively the Western Tauern Alps belong to the Austrian states of Tyrol, Salzburg and Carinthia and, in the southwest, to the Italian region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.</p><br>
<h3>SOIUSA classification</h3><br>
<p>According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain range is an Alpine section, classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=Central Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Western Tauern Alps</p><br>
<p>code=II/A-17</p><br>
<h3>Subdivision</h3><br>
<p>The range is divided into four Alpine subsections:</p><br>
<p>Zillertal Alps (Zillertaler Alpen; Alpi Aurine) - SOIUSA code: II/A-17.I,</p><br>
<p>High Tauern (Hohe Tauern; Alti Tauri) - SOIUSA code: II/A-17.II,</p><br>
<p>Villgraten Mountains (Villgratner Berge or Deferegger Alpen; Alpi Pusteresi) - SOIUSA code: II/A-17.III,</p><br>
<p>Kreuzeck group (Kreuzeckgruppe; Gruppo del Kreuzeck) - SOIUSA code: II/A-17.IV.</p><br>
<h2>Notable summits</h2><br>
<p>Some notable summits of the rang are:</p><br>
<p>The Rocher Rond  is a summit in the Dévoluy massif of the French Alps. It is the highest point of the Vercors Regional Natural Park, although it is not part of the Vercors massif, and also the highest point in the department of Drôme. It has an elevation of 2453 metres, and an isolation of 8.77 km. It is the 14th highest French department highpoint.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Rocher Rond lies in the foothills of the Alps, straddling the communes of Lus-la-Croix-Haute (in the department of Drôme) and Agnières-en-Dévoluy (in the department of Hautes-Alpes). It is preceded to the north (north to south) by the Grand Ferrand (big Ferrand, 2761 metres), and the Tête des Vautes (Head of Vautes, 2188 metres), which is connected to the main body of the mountain by the Col du Charnier (Col of the House of Death, lit. final resting place of the bodies or bones of the dead, 2103 metres), and the Plate Longue (long plateau or plate, 2383 metres), which is a pyramid of bare rock and generally regarded as a sub-summit of Rocher Rond. The east slope is snow-covered in winter, and is popular with skiers. There ridges leading off the summit to the north, north-east, and south.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Rocher Rond is mainly composed of limestone. The western slope is almost exclusively exposed rock and cliffs, overlooking the Lac du Lauzon, and the summit massif is of the Santonian strata, whilst some of the surrounding mountains are of another Cretaceous strata, the Barremian. However, this lies on top of another rock strata, of the Neocomian era, which is exposed below the cliffs in a concave slope descending to the shore of the Lac du Lauzon.</p><br>
<p>The Alexander Clark House is an historic house located in Muscatine, Iowa, United States. The house is associated with Alexander Clark , an African American civil rights pioneer and US Minister to Liberia. Clark was a 19th-century abolitionist who made his home in Muscatine for most of his adult life. He fought and won for the integration of public schools in Iowa when his daughter was forbidden to attend her neighborhood school. The case went to the Iowa Supreme Court, which resulted in the integration of all schools in the state. He was an associate of Frederick Douglass, helped to establish Iowa’s only Colored regiment during the American Civil War, and the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Muscatine. Clark was named the Minister to Liberia in 1890 by President Benjamin Harrison, where he died a year later. The house was built in 1879 after a fire destroyed Clark’s previous house. It was moved 200 ft from its original location in 1975, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The house was included as a contributing property in the West Hill Historic District in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad-Wilton Depot is an historic building located in Wilton, Iowa, United States. The Mississippi and Missouri Railroad built the first rail line in 1855 in what would be called Wilton Junction. The railroad became the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad  a few years later. A wooden frame depot and a separate freight facility served the community. The railroad placed their repair and maintenance center in Wilton, and it remained here until 1881 when they started to move operations to Davenport and Muscatine. Rail service continue to increase along the CRI&P, which necessitated a new depot in Wilton. This single-story, brick Romanesque Revival structure was completed in 1898. Six passenger trains stopped in Wilton in 1911, and by 1922 same-day service to and from Chicago began. While the number of freight trains passing through town numbered five or six by 1947, the number of passenger trains declined to one in 1948. The depot received part time service from 1963 to 1974, when the depot closed.</p><br>
<p>After the building served as a train station it went into decline until the Wilton Historical Society obtained and restored it. The former depot was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Aston Valley Barrow Cemetery, or Ashton Valley Barrow Cemetery, is a group of Bronze Age bowl barrow and bell barrow tumuli located on the south facing edge of Codford Down on the west side of the valley of the Chitterne Brook, and within the civil parish of Codford, in Wiltshire, England. There were originally ten bowl barrows and a single bell barrow, but some of these have now been ploughed out. Only the bell barrow and five bowl barrows currently survive.</p><br>
<h2>Context</h2><br>
<p>The site lies in close proximity to Codford Circle, an Iron Age hillfort or enclosure some 2 km to the southeast, and Knook Castle, an Iron Age hillfort a similar distance to the northwest.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Excavations at the barrows have revealed many Bronze Age and some possible Saxon urned cremations and other interments. The barrows were originally excavated by W.F. Cunnington in 1801, and recorded by Sir R. Colt-Hoare, with later excavations by the Reverend E.H. Steele in 1957; and with further correlations by Leslie Grinsell, also in 1957. Some burials and items were left in place by Cunnington, but others are now preserved at the Wiltshire Museum in Devizes.</p><br>
<p>The excavations by Colt-Hoare and Cunnington in the 1800s revealed most of the finds and interments. However, as the three-age system had not yet been introduced, and they were unable to properly date their finds, they were at a disadvantage when trying to interpret them.</p><br>
<p>The following table includes details for the eleven barrows and associated finds:</p><br>
<p>Wilton Candy Kitchen is a combination ice cream parlor, soda fountain and confectionery store located in Wilton, Iowa, United States. The two-story wood frame building has a gable roof that is obstructed on the main facade by a false front. It retains its interior from 1922. The shop was founded in 1867, and it is considered to be the oldest continuing business of its type in the United States. The business was bought by Gus Nopoulos, a Greek immigrant who worked in his uncle&#39;s candy store in Davenport, Iowa before he bought this store in 1910 with Nick Parros. The building already contained the candy making equipment, a soda fountain, and other furnishings. In 1913 Nopoulos bought the building and bought out his partner. The tin ceiling was installed in 1915. He acquired the interior furnishings from the Elite Confectionery in Davenport and had them installed here in 1922. Gus Nopoulos continued to be involved with the shop until his death in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The shop serves Georges homemade ice cream, phosphates, lunches, and candy. In the back of the building is a museum of Wiltons history. The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. In 2016 it was included as a contributing property in the Wilton Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Pine Mills German Methodist Episcopal Church is an historic building located in Muscatine County, Iowa, United States. The building was built by volunteers in 1867. The congregation was made up of German immigrants who desired to maintain their own language and culture in their religious practices. The last service was held in the church on Christmas Eve 1910. The building passed to private ownership and was used as a farm building and workshop. Over the years the building deteriorated because of disuse. It was donated by Paul Kemper, who owned it, to the Muscatine Area Heritage Association. Renovation of the former church was spearheaded by the American Schleswig Holstein Heritage Society and the Muscatine Community Foundation. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Pine Creek Gristmill is an historic building located in Wildcat Den State Park in Muscatine County, Iowa, United States. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Benjamin Nye was one of the first residents to the area after it was opened to settlement in 1833. He and his cousin built their homes near the Mississippi River and named the settlement Montpelier as they were originally from Vermont. He built his first mill in 1835, but it was washed out because it was built too close to the river. Nye built a saw mill further upstream on Pine Creek. Two years later he added a gristmill across the creek. He also built the county&#39;s first store and post office. As his business expanded the present mill was built by Nye in 1848 for $10,000 with limber he cut in his own mill. Benjamin Nye died in 1852 and the mill passed to his son-in-law Robert Patterson. Herman Huchendorf, a German immigrant to Muscatine County, had bought the mill by the time the Pine Mill Bridge was erected in 1878. The creek was easily crossed for most of the year, but when the water was high it was difficult for farmers to bring their grain to the mill. While this was one of numerous bridge and mill combinations across the state of Iowa it is the only one that remains in place today.</p><br>
<p>The mill essentially appears as it has since the 1920s and is a virtual museum of the range of milling processes that were used between 1848 and 1929. Originally the mill had two sets of millstones that produced flour from wheat that was grown locally. It used a process known in the trade as the “New Process.” The mill was reequipped in 1880 when its technology became obsolete.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The main part of the building is three and a half stories that measures 40 ft by 45 ft. It is attached to a two-story addition that measures 35 ft by 45 ft. The building was built of native oak beams. It utilizes mortise and tenon joints that are connected with wooden pegs.</p><br>
<p>The mill itself is powered by a 20-horsepower water turbine that has a 40-horsepower steam engine back-up when the water level is low. The mill has three separate plants in it. The main plant is a “three stand” double roller mill that produced wheat flour and is located on all three floors. A single stand triple roller milling plant was added to mill corn. It includes a set of 36 in grindstones to produce Buckwheat flour.</p><br>
<p>Henry W. Breyer Sr. House, also known as Haredith and officially known today as the Cheltenham Township Municipal Building, is a historic home located at Elkins Park, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1915, and is a large -story, irregularly shaped stone dwelling in the Colonial Revival style. It features a full-height porch supported by four Doric order columns. Also on the property is a contributing garage. The house was purchased by Cheltenham Township in 1956, and subsequently converted to offices. The house was built by Henry W. Breyer Sr., owner of Breyers Ice Cream.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. It is located across the street from National Historic Landmark Beth Sholom Synagogue.</p><br>
